Maps
The Ottoman Empire, c. 1500 8
Europe in 1500 26
Spread of Printing through Europe, 1450-1508 34
Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1542 38
Reach of Trade during the Fifteenth Century 48
City-States in Renaissance Italy, 1494 5 1
The Peasants’Revolt, 1525-1526 98The Religious Situation in Europe after the Peace of
Augsburg, 1555 102
Radical Religious Movements 105
Wars of Religion in France in the Sixteenth Century 139
The Thirty Years’War, 1618-1648 149
Europe after the Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 1 59
Spain in the Late Fifteenth Century 171
Habsburg Lands at the Abdication of Charles V, 1558 1 76The Spanish Road 200
The English Civil War 218
The Netherlands, 1648 231
The Holy Roman Empire under Leopold I, 1658 264
The Rise of Prussia, 1648-1720 266
The Expansion of Russia 275
Extension of France’s Frontiers under Louis XIV 278Europe in 1721 282
Diffusion of Diderot’s Encyclopedia 322
Population in 1780 365
Trade from Colonies to Europe, c. 1775 374
The War of the Austrian Succession, 1740-1748 397
The Seven Years’War, 1756-1763 398
The Partitions of Poland 429
France before and after 1789 453
Expansion of Revolutionary France, 1792-1799 462
The Counter-Revolution 465
The Empire of Napoleon 490
Principal British Railway Lines, 1851 520
Principal Continental Railway Lines, 1851 522