xxii Maps

The Industrial Revolution in Europe, 1815-1860 525
The Zollverein (German Customs Union), 1834 530
Europe after the Congress of Vienna, 1815 574

The Birth of Belgium, 1831-1839 599Liberal Revolts 601

Major Revolutions, 1848-1849 615
The Unification of Italy, 1859-1870 655
The Unification of Germany, 1866-1871 665
Nationalities in the Habsburg Empire 674
The Crimean War, 1853-1856 689
The Expansion of Russia 712
Russian Industrialization, 1870-1914 750
Areas of Industrial Concentration, 1870-1914 752
Colonial Empires until 1880 824
Imperialism in Africa before 1914 826
South Africa, 1800-1910 833
India and the Far East before 1914 836

Europe in 1914 867

The Balkans, 1914 876

The German Advance, 1914 891
The Western Front, 1914-1917 900
The Eastern, Italian, and Balkan Fronts 902

The World War 905

The German Offensive, 1918 920
The Russian Revolution 944
The Russian Civil War 946

The Soviet Republics, 1922-1939 950

Territorial Settlements after World War I 962

Areas of French and German Disputes, 1920s 964

Mandates under the League of Nations 974

Dictatorships in Europe, 1932-1937 1001

The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 1044

German and Italian Expansion, 1935-1939 1054

The German and Italian Advance, 1939-1942 1060

The Japanese Advance and Allied Counteroffensive,1941-1945 1072

Hitler’s Europe, 1942 1074

Nazi Death Camps 1077

The Defeat of Germany, 1942-1945 1087

Post-War Territorial Settlements 1113

Eastern and Western Blocs, 1955 1 1 16

Decolonization 1172

The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet

Union, 1989-1991 1189

The Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 1995 1211

Members of the European Community 1227