A Concise History of the Middle East

Bibliographie Essay ••• 507

A vivid account of the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul is Steven Runciman's The
Fall of Constantinople, 1453 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965). On
Mehmet II, see Franz Babinger, Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time, ed. William
C. Hickman, trans. Ralph Manheim (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977).
Another great sultan is studied in Andre Clot, Suleiman the Magnificent (New York:
New .Amsterdam, 1992). See also Paul Cole, The Ottoman Impact on Europe (Lon¬
don: Thames & Hudson, 1968); Halil Inalcik, The Ottoman Empire: The Classical
Age, 1300-1600, 2nd éd. (New Rochelle, NY: Caratzas Publishing, 1989); and L. S.
Stavrianos, The Balkans Since 1453 (New York: Rinehart & Co., 1958). Historians
now analyze economic and social trends in the Ottoman Empire, notably in cities.
See, for example Edhem Elhem, Daniel Goffman, and Bruce Masters, eds., The Ot¬
toman City Between East and West (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999),
drawing on their earlier monographs. For Ottoman art and indeed history, see
http://www.easterncorner.com/art-history.htm.
The standard work on the Safavids is Roger M. Savory, Iran Under the Safavids
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980). On Isfahan's art and architecture,
see Wilfrid Blunt, Isfahan: Pearl of Persia (New York: Stein & Day, 1966). For some
illustrations, try http://isfahan.apu.ac.uk. On relations between the two states, see
Adel Allouche, The Origins and Development of the Ottoman-Safavid Conflict
(Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1983); and Michel Mazzaoui, éd., Safavid Persia and
Her Neighbors (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003). J. J. Saunders, éd.,
The Muslim World on the Eve of Europe's Expansion (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1966) contains some original and readable sources in translation.

CHAPTER IO

The Eastern Question was a staple of the vanishing breed of European diplomatic
historians. The most thorough, albeit arduous, treatment is M. S. Anderson, The
Eastern Question (London: Macmillan; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1966). Easier
for students is A. L. Macfie, The Eastern Question, rev. ed. (London: Longman,
1996). On British Middle East policy, see Marvin Swartz, The Politics of British
Foreign Policy in the Era of Disraeli and Gladstone (New York: St. Martin's Press,
1985); and Sir Charles Webster, The Foreign Policy of Palmerston, 2 vols. (London:
G. Bell, 1951; reprinted 1969). A series of books by Edward Ingrams focuses on
Persia: Persia: Beginnings of the Great Game in Asia, 1828-1834 (Oxford: Claren¬
don, 1979); Commitment to Empire (Oxford: Clarendon, 1981); and Britain's Per¬
sian Connection, 1798-1828 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1992). On the Middle Eastern
rivalry between England and France, see John Marlowe [pseud.], Perfidious Albion
(London: Elek, 1971). On the two countries' activities in Egypt, see David S. Lan¬
des, Bankers and Pashas (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1958). On
Britain's Asian rivalry with Russia, see Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game: The Strug-