A Concise History of the Middle East

508 ••• Bibliographie Essay

gle for Empire in Central Asia (New York: Kodansha International, 1994). Leon
Carl Brown argues that the rules of the Eastern Question influence contemporary
Middle East policies and politics in International Politics and the Middle East: Old
Rules, Dangerous Game (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984). For a lec¬
ture that offers more detail, see http://www.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/
lectlO.htm. The Web site also includes a useful bibliography.
On the Middle East during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, see (in ad¬
dition to works already cited) P. M. Holt, Egypt and the Fertile Crescent, 1516-1922
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1966); Thomas Naff and Roger Owen, eds.,
Studies in Eighteenth-Century Islamic History (Carbondale and Edwardsville:
Southern Illinois University Press, 1977); William Polk and Richard Chambers,
eds., The Middle East in the Nineteenth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1967); Alan Palmer, The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire (New York:
M. Evans & Co., 1992); and M. E. Yapp, The Making of the Modern Middle East,
1792-1923 (New York and London: Longman, 1987).
The Modern Middle East, 2nd ed. (New York and London: I. B. Tauris, 2004),
edited by Albert Hourani, Philip S. Khoury, and Mary C. Wilson, collects schol¬
arly articles and book chapters dealing with aspects of Middle East history from
the Eastern Question to the intifada in an accessible style. Another work, Edmund
Burke III, éd., Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East (Berkeley and Los
Angeles: University of California Press, 1993), contains biographical sketches of
Middle Eastern men and women, most of them "ordinary" but some quite fa¬
mous, who have lived during the nineteenth or twentieth century. Compare it
with Robert P. Pearson's Through Middle Eastern Eyes, 4th ed. (New York: Apex
Press, 2002). Original sources in English translation include M. S. Anderson, ed.,
The Great Powers and the Near East, 1774-1923 (London: Edward Arnold, 1970);
and J. C. Hurewitz, ed., The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics, 2 vols.
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975).

CHAPTER II

For a survey of modern Egyptian history, start with Arthur Goldschmidt, Modern
Egypt: The Formation of a Nation State, 2nd ed. (Boulder: Westview Press, 2004),
and then read P. J. Vatikiotis, History of Modern Egypt from Muhammad Ali to
Mubarak, 4th ed. (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991).
On intellectual changes, see Nadav Safran, Egypt in Search of Political Community
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961; reprinted 1981). Egypt's early
westernization can be traced through Christopher Herold, Bonaparte in Egypt
(New York: Harper & Row, 1962); Khalid Fahmy, All the Pasha's Men: MehmedAH.
His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt (New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1997); and Helen Rivlin, The Agricultural Policy of Muhammad AH in Egypt
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961). The era following Mehmet Ali