The rule that electrons will occupy all degenerate orbitals in a subshell with single electrons having
parallel spins before entering half-filled orbitals.
Hybridization
The combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form new orbitals for bonding purposes.
Hydrate
A compound with associated water molecules.
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrogen bonding
The strong attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as
fluorine or oxygen, in one molecule, and a highly electronegative atom in another molecule.
Hydrolysis
A reaction between water and a species in solution.
Hydronium ion
The H 3 O+ ion in aqueous solution.
Hydroxide ion
The OH– ion.
Ideal gas
A hypothetical gas whose behavior is described by the ideal gas law under all conditions. An ideal
gas would have particles of zero volume that do not exhibit interactive forces.