Philosophers and
Philosophical Sources
Aenesidemus: first century B.c.; former Academic who revived Pyrrhonism.
Aetius: probably first century A.D.; eclectic philosopher and doxographer.
Agrippa: sceptical philosopher active after Aenesidemus and before Sextus.
Alexander of Aphrodisias: late second to early third centuries A.D.; Peripatetic
philosopher and scholar.
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: fifth century B.c.; pluralist philosopher.
Anaxarchus of Abdera: fourth century B.c.; follower of Democritus and
teacher of Pyrrho.
Antiochus of Ascalon: ca. 1301120-? B.c.; pupil of Philo of Larissa and
initiator of a fully dogmatic and eclectic form of Academic philosophy.
Antipater of Tarsus: second century B.c.; successor to Diogenes of Babylon
as head of the Stoic school and teacher of Panaetius.
Antipater of Tyre: first century B.c.; Stoic philosopher.
Aratus of Soli: Stoic poet of the 3rd C. B.c.; author of the Phaenomena.
Arcesilaus: 316/315-242/241 B.c.; head of the Academy in the mid third
century and originator of its sceptical turn.
Archedemus of Tarsus: Stoic philosopher, probably a pupil of Diogenes
of Babylon.
Archelaus: fifth century B.c.; pupil of Anaxagoras and teacher of Socrates.
Aristippus of Cyrene: late fifth century B.c.; acquaintance of Socrates and
hedonist. The Cyrenaic school was founded by his grandson of the same name.
Aristocles of Messene: Peripatetic philosopher of the lst or 2nd C. A.D.
Ariston of Chios: mid third century B.c.; Stoic follower of Zeno of Citium
and founder of an independent branch of the Stoic school.
Aristotle: 389-322 B.c.; founder of the Peripatetic school and pupil of Plato.
Augustine of Hippo, Saint: 354-430 A.D.; Christian philosopher and theo-
logian.
Bion: ca. 325-255 B.c.; eclectic philosopher and wandering teacher; he affected
a Cynic lifestyle.
Boethus of Sidon: second century B.c.; pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and
unorthodox Stoic.
Carneades: 214/213-1291128 B.c.; most famous head of the sceptical Academy.
Charmidas: late second century B.c.; pupil of Carneades.
Chrysippus of Soli: ca. 280-207 B.c.; successor of Cleanthes as head of the
Stoic school.
Cicero: 106-43 B.c.; Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher; he considered
himself an Academic, but strong eclectic tendencies are evident in his work.
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