388 Index
Section 9 of, 88
Article II of, 40, 237
Section 1, 185, 225, 242, 333
Section 2, 227, 281, 333
Section 3, 231
Article III of, Section 1, 40, 274
Article IV of, Section 2, 53
Article V of, 38
Article VI of
Clause 2 of, 51
Section 1, 53
Christianity and, 24
commerce clause, 54
drafting, 30–38
checks and balances, 34, 35
Constitutional Convention,
30–36, 47
electoral college and, 34
Great Compromise, 32
Madisonian model, 34
New Jersey Plan, 31–32
separation of powers, 34
slavery and, 32–33
Supremacy doctrine, 32
three-fifths compromise,
32–33
Virginia Plan, 31
equal protection clause, 95, 96,
102
necessary and proper clause,
49–50, 54
powers under
of Congress, 39–40
of president, 40, 235
Preamble to, 20
ratification, 35–38
rights of noncitizens, 105
slavery under, 93
as source of American law,
273
supremacy clause of, 51, 53
Consumer movement, 149
Consumer price index, 308
Consumer Reports, 149
Consumers Union, 149
Containment policy, 339
Contempt of court, 275
Continental Illinois, 257
Continuing resolution, 219
Contracting-out strategy, 262
Contractionary monetary policy,
313
Convention delegates, 155–156modern, 14
Muslim Americans, 124
Republican Party and, 13
on traditional political
spectrum, 15
values of, 14
Constituent governments, 47
Constituents
defined, 197
as lobbyists, 153
of president, 233
service to, by members of
Congress, 199
Constitutional Convention,
30–36, 47
Constitutional democracy, 6
Constitutional powers, 235
Constitution of United States,
20–42. See also Bill of Rights
altering, 38–41
formal amendment process of,
38–39
informal means to, 39–41
Amendments to
First (See First Amendment)
Second, 42
Third, 68, 81
Fourth, 40, 68, 81, 84, 86
Fifth, 68, 81, 84, 85
Sixth, 68, 80, 84, 85
Eighth, 68, 84, 85
Ninth, 68, 81
Tenth, 45
Twelfth, 200, 226
Thirteenth, 93
Fourteenth (See Fourteenth
Amendment)
Fifteenth, 93, 94, 95, 190
Sixteenth, 200, 291
Seventeenth, 197
Nineteenth, 101, 190
Twentieth, 201
Twenty-third, 185
Twenty-fourth, 95
Twenty-fifth, 201, 242
Twenty-sixth, 190
to check courts, 291
listed, 39
Article I of, 197, 237
Section 4 of, 204
Section 6 of, 203
Section 8 of, 39–40, 49, 54,
200, 201religion of, 204
requirements for office, 172
salary of, 202
term of, 197
women as, 102–103, 173, 204
opposition to Obamacare, 302
powers of
constitutional amendments,
200–201
to declare war, 40, 228
enumerated, 49, 200
inherent, 50
necessary and proper clause,
49–50, 201
to override presidential veto,
232
of the purse, 337
regulate foreign and
interstate commerce, 40
president as chief legislator,
230–231
public opinion regarding, 196
Republican control of, 11, 161,
162
seniority system, 212
separation of powers, 34
Congressional Budget Office, 61,
267
Congressional elections, 204–209
candidates for, 205
coattail effect, 205
direct primaries and, 205
midterm gains and losses by
party of president, 205
power of incumbency, 205, 206
requirements for, 204
Congressional Union, 101
Congress of Confederation, 28–29
Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO), 146
Connecticut Compromise, 32, 197
Consensus, 117, 118
Consent of the people, 5
Conservative movement, 14
Conservatives/conservatism
Cuban Americans, 124
defined, 13
economic status and, 121–123
favoring state government, 59
four-cornered ideological grid,
16, 121
global warming and, 307
judicial restraint and, 2869781285436388_em_indx_383-410.indd 388 10/22/13 7:05 AM
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