392 Index
Fiscal federalism, 60
Fiscal policy, 309–310
criticism of Keynes, 310
defined, 60, 309
discretionary fiscal policy, 309
government spending and
borrowing, 309
Fiscal year cycle, 217
Fisher, Abigail, 109
Fisher v. University of Texas, 109,
290
501(c)4 organizations, 179–180
527 organizations, 178
Flag Protection Act, 74
Focus group, 175
Food stamps, 250
Ford, Gerald, armed forces
ordered by into combat
without congressional
approval, 337
Foreign Affairs, 339
Foreign governments, lobbying
by, 151
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance
Act (FISA), 277
Foreign policy, 320–342
Afghanistan and, 326–327
American, 322–323
Arab Spring, 322–323
China and, 328–331
Congressional powers and,
336–337
containment policy, 339
defense policy, 321
defined, 321
diplomacy, 321
economic crisis in Europe,
332–333
human rights and, 342
intelligence community and,
335–336
Iraq, wars in, 325–326
isolationist, 338
Israel and Palestinians, 331–
332
moral idealism and, 322–323
National Security Council and,
334–335
national security policy and,
321
nuclear weapons, 327–328
political realism and, 322–323
presidential powers and, 333–334Federal Reserve System (Fed)
Board of Governors of, 313
defined, 312
functions of, 312–313
organization of, 313
Federal system, 47. See also
Federalism
Federal Trade Commission (FTC),
264
Federal Trade Commission Act,
264
Feminine Mystique, The
(Friedan), 100
Feminism, 100
Ferraro, Geraldine, 103
Fertility rate, 104–105
Fifteenth Amendment, 56, 93, 94,
95, 190
Fifth Amendment, 68, 81, 84, 85
Filibuster, 201, 202
advantages and disadvantages
of, 203
constitutionality of, 203
increased use of, 202
reconciliation, 202
Films. See Movies
First Amendment, 42
clear and present danger, 75
commercial speech, 75
cross burning, 74
establishment clause, 69
federal employees and, 260
flag burning, 74
freedom of press (See Press,
freedom of)
freedom of religion (See
Religion, freedom of)
freedom of speech (See Speech,
freedom of)
free exercise clause, 73
hate speech, 67
imminent lawless action test, 76
incorporation theory, 68
interest groups and, 144
privacy rights and, 81
symbolic speech, 74
First Bank of the United States,
54
First budget resolution, 218
First Continental Congress, 23
First Gulf War, 325
FISA court, 277–278
Fiscal cliff, 117, 219as three-tiered system,
275–276
war on terrorism and, 277–279
Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC), 257
Federal Election Campaign Act
(FECA), 176
Federal Election Commission
(FEC), 165
creation of, 176
501(c)4 organizations, 179–180
Federal Employees Political
Activities Act, 260
Federal government. See National
government
Federal grants
block, 60
categorical, 59–60
conditions attached to, 60–61
Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, 258
Federalism, 45–63
arguments against, 49
arguments for, 47–48
benefit of, for United States, 48
characteristics of, 47
constitutional basis for, 49–53
cooperative, 57–58
devolution, 58–59
dispute over division of power,
53– 61
dual, 57
fiscal federalism, 60
politics of, 58–59
same-sex marriage recognition
and, 52
Supreme Court and
early years, 53–56
today, 61–62
Federalist Papers, 34, 36, 49, 144,
203
Federalists, 157–158
ratification of Constitution,
36–37
Federal mandates, 61
Federal National Mortgage
Association, 258
Federal Open Market Committee,
313
Federal question, 274, 277
Federal Register, 236, 264, 265
Federal Regulation of Lobbying
Act, 1539781285436388_em_indx_383-410.indd 392 10/22/13 7:05 AM
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