Index 391
budget resolutions and crisis,
218 –219
budget sequestration, 137
categories of spending, 250,
251
Congress and, 218
continuing resolution, 219
debt ceiling and, 219
defense spending, 250, 251
election-year budgets, 218
executive budget, 215, 217
fiscal cliff and sequester, 219
preparing budget, 217–218
size of, 250
social spending of, 250, 251
Federal budget deficit
debate over size of, 253
Great Recession and increase
in, 250
percent of GDP, 253
Federal Circuit, 277
Federal Communications
Commission (FCC), Fairness
Doctrine, 120
Federal court system, 273–279
alien “removal” courts, 278
basic judicial requirements for
cases, 274
constitutional authority for, 274
enemy combatants and,
278–279
executive checks, 289–291
FISA court, 277–278
impact of lower courts on, 293
judicial activism, 286
judicial appointment, 281–287
judicial restraint, 287
judicial traditions and doctrine,
292
jurisdiction, 274
legislative checks, 291–292
parties to lawsuits, 274–275
policymaking function of,
286–293
procedural rules, 275
Supreme Court (See Supreme
Court of United States)
types of courts
administrative law tribunals,
277
courts of appeals, 276–277
district courts, 276
Supreme Court, 277Exclusionary rule, 68, 85–86
good faith exception, 86
plain view doctrine, 86
Executive agreements, 40, 230,
334
Executive branch
checks and balances, 34, 35
electoral college, 34
separation of powers, 34
structure of, 250–258
Executive budget, 215, 217
Executive Office of the President,
239–241
agencies within, 239
defined, 239
National Security Council, 241
Office of Management and
Budget, 241
White House Office, 239, 240
Executive orders, 236
Executive privilege, 236–237
Expansionary monetary policy,
313
Export taxes, 33
Ex post facto laws, limits on
rights of, and deportees, 88
Expressed powers, 49, 235
Expression, freedom of. See
Press, freedom of; Speech,
freedom ofF
Facebook, impact on public
opinion, 120
Factions, among delegates to
Constitutional Convention,
30 –31
Fairness and Accuracy in
Reporting, 140
Fairness Doctrine, 120
Fair Pay Restoration Act, 104
Faithless electors, 185
Fall review, 217
False Claims Act, 263
Family, political socialization
and, 118–119
Fannie Mae, 258
Farm Bureau, 146
Faubus, Orval, 96, 290–291
Fed. See Federal Reserve System
(Fed)
Federal budget, 215–219
budget deficit and Keynes, 309Enforcement Act of 1870, 94
Engel v. Vitale, 71
Entitlement programs
controversy over value of, 12
defined, 12
reform of, 317
Enumerated powers, 49, 200
Environmental Defense Fund, 149
Environmental interest groups,
149
Environmental policy, 305–307
America’s reliance on foreign
oil, 305
global warming, 307
legislation to limit greenhouse
emission, 307
Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission (EEOC), 99, 113,
264
affirmative action and, 108
Equality
African Americans and, 9
defined, 9
economic, 10
liberty versus, 9–10
Equal Pay Act, 104
Equal protection clause, 38, 95,
96, 205
affirmative action and, 107–108
gender discrimination and, 102
Equal Rights Amendment, 100,
150
Eras
of divided government, 160–161
of good feelings, 158
New Deal, 160
Espionage Act, 75
Establishment clause, 69
Estate tax, 314, 315
Ethanol, 306
Ethnicity, voting behavior and,
123–125
European Central Bank (ECB),
332
European Union (EU)
as confederal system of
government, 46
debt crisis, 332–333
lobbying by, 151
Everson v. Board of Education, 68
Evidence, exclusionary rule,
85–86
Evolution, teaching of, 729781285436388_em_indx_383-410.indd 391 10/22/13 7:05 AM
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