Take a Diagnostic Exam h 27- B Christianity and Islam are both mission-
ary religions; both hold a belief in prophets.
Judaism (A) believes in prophets, but is not a
missionary religion. Buddhism (C) was spread
to some extent by missionaries, but does not
believe in prophets. - D Both made advances in scientifi c technol-
ogy. The Gupta Empire did not involve the
rule of numerous dynasties, as did the Han
Empire (A). Both were overrun by tribes from
central Asia (B). Although Han China was
characterized by religious unity, Gupta India
ruled over Buddhists and Hindus (C). - B The Buddhist emphasis on equality placed
the religion in opposition to the caste system.
The remaining choices refer to Confucianism. - C As agriculture spread throughout the east-
ern, and later the western, hemispheres, a larger
portion of the population settled in villages
near agricultural plots. Epidemic disease (A) did
not become widespread until global contacts
increased. As more sedentary villages arose, the
nomadic way of life decreased (B). Stable com-
munities with abundant crops resulted in an
increase in global population (D). - A Arab expansion in the seventh century
occurred over land routes. In the ninth century,
Viking expansion included the rivers of West-
ern Europe, whereas that of the Arabs did not
(B). Viking expansion took place over longer
distances (C). Arabs attempted to change the
religious and social culture of the people they
conquered, whereas the Vikings were interested
primarily in trade (D). - C Although Pacifi c Ocean trade involved pri-
marily Polynesians and East Asians, that of the
Indian Ocean involved Muslims and non-Mus-
lims from Southeast Asia, South Asia, East Asia,
East Africa, and Europe. Indian Ocean trade
involved spices, food crops, slaves, textiles, and
European technology (B). Indian Ocean trade
was both regional and long distance (D), while
Pacifi c Ocean trade was mostly regional.
7. D Ibn Battuta’s travels bypassed central Asia.
The other choices involve regions he visited.
8. D England, the home of the European Indus-
trial Revolution, counted over half of its people
living in urban areas during the period, making
it the most urbanized country in the period
1750 to 1914.
9. C The custom of seppuku provided an honor-
able alternative to defeat or retreat. The samu-
rai relationship was based on group loyalties
(A). It was a one-sided relationship, rather than
the reciprocal relationship of European feudal-
ism (B). It continued to a degree through the
nineteenth century and promoted decentralized
government in Japan, especially before the rise
of the Tokugawa Shogunate (D).
10. C Footbinding began under the Song dynasty.
European women did not have a role in politi-
cal life during the period (A), whereas some
African women did (B). Class distinctions often
defi ned the role of women (D).
11. D North Africa, although dominated by Islam,
also saw the beginnings of a Christian com-
munity at Axum, where traders spread Chris-
tianity during the time of the Roman Empire.
Axum, in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea, was
responsible for spreading Christianity to Egypt.
South Africa is an area associated more with
Christianity (A), Indonesia with Islam (B), and
Japan with Buddhism and Shinto (C).
12. D The Renaissance began in the Italian city-
states as a result of Mediterranean trade during
the Crusades (B) and spread later to northern
Europe. The Muslim culture in Spain preserved
the learning of the Greeks and Romans, which
was the nucleus of Renaissance knowledge (A).
There were regional states in France and Ger-
many and other portions of Europe prior to the
Renaissance (C).
13. C The Mongols moved trade routes farther
north to their home territory. The Empire was
characterized by a relative lack of attention to
administration (A). The Mongols conquered
the Islamic society of Persia (B). They dis-
couraged the Russians from contact with the
West (D).
❯ Answers and Explanations for the
Multiple-Choice Questions
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