28 i STEP 2. Determine Your Test Readiness
- C Chinese trade in the Indian Ocean also was
designed to establish respect with regard to the
military might of the Chinese. The Chinese
ships were larger and covered larger distances,
and their expeditions included more ships than
those of Europe (A, B). Chinese expeditions
stopped suddenly in the 1430s (D). - B The reference to Malucca and its trade posi-
tion refers to the Malay Peninsula. - C Sugar plantations were established in Sicily,
the Canaries, the Madeiras, and the Caribbean
and Brazil. British North America featured
cotton, rice, and tobacco plantations (A); the
Congo, rubber plantations (B); and India, cotton
cultivation (D). - A European explorers attempted to fi nd alter-
nate routes to the east that would interfere
with Muslim and Italian monopolies. New
technology promoted knowledge of oceanic
waters (B). Explorers sailed the Indian and
Pacifi c Oceans as well as the Atlantic (C). The
Polynesian islands were largely bypassed in this
time period (D). - D The statue is of Tlaloc, the Aztec god of
rain. The large facial features were typical of
Mesoamerican statuary. - B The statue of Tlaloc, the Aztec god of rain,
best illustrates syncretism, or a blend of two
processes or cultures, in this case a blend of
Mesoamerican and modern statuary. - B China carried on trade with Mexico and the
Philippines via the Manila galleons. The other
answer choices are refl ective of trade in the
period. - C The Manila galleons introduced American
food crops to the Chinese. Filial piety remained
an integral part of Confucian culture (A), and
footbinding extended to more girls in lower
classes as well as elite classes (B). China was still
a stratifi ed society (D). - D People of various ethnic backgrounds as
well as diverse religions lived within the Islamic
empires. Islamic Turks continued to engage in
steppe diplomacy (A), and Islamic cities grew
in con quered lands (B). Islamic empires were in
decline (C) by the mid-seventeenth century. - C Spain’s Council of Indies maintained closer
ties with its colonies than did the British,
who largely left its colonies in North America
to govern themselves. Spain did not prepare
its colonies for self-rule (A). The Spaniards
preferred to dwell in urban areas (B), and
imported African slaves in the sixteenth cen-
tury, about 100 years earlier than the British
(D). They had administrative precedents in the
encomiendas in the Canaries and Madeiras that
they followed (E).- C The reference to British takeover of Hong
Kong indicates the excerpt is from the Treaty
of Nanking, which ended the Opium War
between Britain and China. - A The immediate cause of the Opium War,
the introduction of the opium trade between
British-held India and China, was the result of
a trade imbalance between Britain and China.
This imbalance occurred when China sold tea
to Britain but was largely uninterested in pur-
chasing British trade products. - B Machismo, or the celebration of male
strength, often was manifested in abusive treat-
ment of women. Latin American women in
the nineteenth century were not allowed to
vote (A) or hold political offi ce (D). After the
middle of the century, they could work as
teachers or as laborers with the permission of
their father or husband (C). - A Although the trans-Atlantic slave trade had
ended, slavery had not ended within Africa
during the age of the new imperialism. The
steamship allowed Europeans to navigate the
treacherous African rivers (B), whereas the dis-
covery of quinine lessened the threat of malaria
for Europeans (C). Ethnic divisions within
Africa made the continent more vulnerable to
imperialist advances (D). - B In general, the United States was more inter-
ested in acquiring South America’s raw materi-
als than in establishing direct political control
over the region. The Berlin Conference divided
Africa without consideration for Africa’s ethnic
groups (A). France established settler colonies
in Africa and Indochina (C). British settlers
infl icted their diseases on aborigines and drove
them off their land (D). - C Indentured servants received free passage to
their destination. They were free people, and,
therefore, had a status different from that of
slaves (A). Indentured servants usually migrated