Structure of Early Civilization h 71- The Indus valley civilization
(A) relied heavily on communal planning
(B) is best studied through its written records
(C) was isolated from other river valley civiliza-
tionsbecause of surrounding mountains
(D) declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
(E) shared similar flood control concerns with
the Egyptians - The early civilization with the least developed
technology was
(A) Mesoamerican
(B) Harappan
(C) Egyptian
(D) Sumerian
(E) Shang - The roots of classical India included
(A) the Aryan written language, or Sanskrit
(B) the egalitarian Aryan society
(C) Aryan agricultural knowledge
(D) a society united by jati
(E) Vedic traditional literature
6. Shang China
(A) developed numerous artistic works even
though they did not know the use of metals
(B) left no decipherable written records
(C) was prevented by natural barriers from trad-
ing with other early civilizations.
(D) contributed to the development of central
government in China.
(E) was less urbanized than the Nile valley
civilization.
7. Early societies of South America
(A) were unified under a central government
(B) were challenged by geographic limitations
(C) developed societies that had no knowledge
of metals
(D) traded widely with regions to their north
(E) built upon Mesoamerican cultural
traditions
8. Results of cultural diffusion among early civiliza-
tions included
(A) the invention of the wheel
(B) the legend of Quetzalcóatl
(C) the cultivation of potatoes
(D) Harappan sewage systems
(E) none of the above
❯ Answers and Explanations
- B—Both Egypt and Sumer had societies com-
prising various social classes of the elite, peas-
ants, and slaves. Whereas Egypt enjoyed natural
defense barriers, Sumer did not (A). Sumer was
governed by kings of local city-states, whereas
the Egyptian pharaoh was the supreme ruler (C).
Although the Egyptians largely developed them-
selves culturally, Sumerian culture was widely
diffused by later conquerors (D). The Nile River
flooding was predictable, whereas that of the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers was not (E). - D—All the earliest agricultural civilizations wor-
shipped many gods. They were located in differ-
ent latitudes (A) and enjoyed different levels of
technology (B). The civilizations of the Western
Hemisphere did not rely on the flooding of
rivers (C). Trade in China and Andean civiliza-
tions and societies was limited (E).
3. A—The presence of granaries and well-planned
street grids in the cities of the Harappan civiliza-
tion of the Indus valley is evidence of consider-
able community planning. The writing of the
Harappan civilization is so far undecipherable
(B). Indus valley peoples bypassed mountain
barriers and traded by sea (C). Their civilization
had already declined markedly before the arrival
of the Aryans (D). Flood patterns of the Indus
were unpredictable, whereas those of Egypt were
predictable (E).
4. A—Early Mesoamerican civilizations did not
even have the knowledge of the wheel, whereas
the other civilizations mentioned did not have to
rely only on human muscle for construction or
irrigation projects.
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