Historical Geology Understanding Our Planet\'s Past

ammonites 130, 131, 163,
216–220, 218 , 219, 277g
extinction of 219
shells of 218
ammonoids 131 , 132 , 191,
219
amniotes 162
amoebas 32, 33
amphibians 143–146, 160,
179,277g
evolution of 127 , 135, 137
extinction of 174
amphibious fish 108, 127 ,
143, 144
amphioxus 86
anapsids 164
Andean belt 193
Andes 101,225, 251
Andromeda galaxy 2
angiosperms 108,220–223,
239,277g
dinosaur extinction by 222
angular momentum 10, 12
ankylosaurs 203
annelids 49, 217, 277g
Anomalocaris 81, 82
Antarctic Peninsula 253
Antarctica 21, 187, 237, 252
Alexander Island 221
Daniell Peninsula 152
ice sheet 261
Pensacola Mountains 49
rift from Australia 228
Transantarctic Mountains
83
Antler orogeny 120, 137
Antler Peak, Nevada 120
apathosaurs 203, 204 , 206,
208
apes 241, 257
Appalachian Mountains 96,
155, 168 ,167–169, 227

arachnids 115

archaebacteria 21

archaeocyathans 21, 52, 53 ,

73,277g

archaeopteris 134

Archaeopteryx 199, 278g

Archean eon 23–44, 278g

Archosauria 163

Arctic Ocean 227, 228

arête 270

Argentina, Sierra Mountains

102

Arizona

Grand Canyon 116 , 246

247 , 248

Petrified Forest 178, 180

Regal Mine 50

Vishnu Schist 116

Arkansas

Potsville series 149

arkose 61

arthropods 76, 108, 110, 130,

278g

artiodactyls 242

asexual reproduction 46

asteroid 4, 278g

asteroid belt 278g

asthenosphere 43

Atlantic Ocean

opening of 210

Atlas Mountains 251

atmosphere 13–14

carbon dioxide 14, 57,91,

93, 106, 108, 135, 153,

212, 226, 250

nitrogen 14

oxygen 14

atolls 111, 112

Australia 120, 239, 252

Ediacara Formation 53, 69

Ediacarans 53, 54 ,69

glacial deposits 61m

Great Barrier Reef 79, 216

inland sea 230

Murchison meteorite 18

North Pole 26, 17

Pilbara Craton 42

rift from Antarctica 228,

230

shield 37

Towers Formation 26

Warrawoona Group 26,

42

Australopithecus 257, 258

aysheaia 81

Azoic eon 8, 278g

B

bacteria 29, 34, 93

Baltica 95,96, 97, 102, 119,

278g

banded iron formations 28,

47,55–57

bandicoots 239

Barberton Mountain land,

Africa 39

barrier reefs 112, 278g

basalt 7,193–195, 278g

basement rock 36

Basin and Range Province

224, 246

Bear Butte, South Dakota

167

Bear CreekCanyon, Colorado

39

Beaufort Sea 64

bedrock 278g

belemnoids 130, 219, 278g

Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands

74

biosphere 278g

energy flow 36

evolution 17t

Historical Geology