Index 387Residual elements, in engineering steels,
200
Resistance seam welding, 104-105
Resistance spot welding, 101 - 102
high-strength steels, 102-104
zinc-coated steels, 104
Retained austenite steels see TRIP steels
Rimming steel, 47, 49, 67
Rivbonding, 109
Rivets, self-piercing, 108-109
Rockwell (HRC) hardness testing, 207
Roll forming technique, 34-5
Roughing stage, hot rolling, 3SAC test, 208-209
Sacrificial protection, 85
Sagging (bottom in tension) condition, 172
Salt bath carburizing, 220
Salt bath nitriding, 221
SAM counting technique (inclusions),
252, 253
Scantlings (web plate thickness), 171
Schaeffler diagram, modified, 300
Sea Gem collapse, 176
Secondary cold work embrittlement
(SCWE), 57, 113
test procedures, 113-14
Secondary hardening reaction, 219
Selenium, as free cutting additive, 239
Semi-killed steel, 147
Sensitization (of stainless steels), 322, 337
Shape fixability, 29
Ship construction
choice of steels, 167-9
design considerations, 171 - 5
higher strength steels, 170-71
standard-strength steels, 167-70
Side wear, rails, 278
Sigma phase, 295
Silicon
as alloying element, 64, 92
as delta ferrite former, 293, 299
effect on corrosion resistance, 163
effect on inteflamellar spacing, 92, 288
effect on SCC behaviour, 329
Silicone Polyester coating, 125
Skin passing see temper rolling
Slab-reheating stage, 148- 9
Slamming (major impact loads), 176
Solid solution-strengthened steels, 8, 56,
62, 63-5, 139, 296
strengthening mechanisms, 141-2
Solidification cracking, 337
Solubility product, 8-9
Solute drag, 10, 150
Solution treatment temperature control,
stainless steels, 317-18
Soudronic welding process, 104
Sound deadened steel, 120, 126-7
Sour gas service, pipelines, 195-6
Spall (fatigue pit), 251
Spangle (zinc coating), 86
Specifications see standard specifications
Splash (welding condition), 102
Spot welding, 101 - 102
Springback effect, 30
Stacking fault energy, 329, 343
Stainless steels
at elevated and sub-zero temperatures,
348-51
austenitic, 315-16
brushed finish, 375
cold working, 341-8
commercial grades, 301-20
composition-structure relationships,
295-301
controlled transformation treatment,
316-20
corrosion resistance, 314-15, 315-16,
321-30
ferritic, 314-15, 338
high strength, 311-14
high-alloy see high-alloy stainless steels
machinable, 242-3
martensitic, 302, 311-14, 336-8
metallurgical principles, 293-5
overview, 291 - 3
prices, 320- 21, 332
stabilized, 315, 324
welding, 334-41
Standard specifications
BS, 970, 227-9
BS, 1113 353, 354
BS, 1449 37, 302
BS, 4360, 152
BS, 4449 179, 180
BS, 5400, 182-4
BS, 5500, 353
BS, 5950, 185-7
BS EN, 10025, 153
BS EN, 10083 229, 230-31
BS EN, 10088, 302
BS EN, 10113, 153
BS EN, 10130, 37
BS EN, 10137, 153
BS EN, 10142, 90
BS EN, 10155, 163
engineering steels, 227-32
free-cutting steels, 228
high-speed steels, 258
for hot dip galvanized products, 90