Hamstrings Long muscles at the back of the thigh
Herniated disc
A condition where the center (nucleus pulposus) of the
intervertebral disc protrudes through the outer fibrous layer
(annulus fibrosus) of the disc.
Intervertebral
foramen
The opening formed between adjacent vertebrae from which the
spinal nerves exit. There is an opening on each side.Laminae Flat pieces of the vertebral arch extendinpedicles that form the back wall of the spinal canal.g from the vertebral
Multifidus muscle
A back muscle whose fibers extend to each region of the spine,
from sacral to cervical. Contributes to extension and lateral
rotation of the spine.
Nucleus pulposus The soft and gelatinous center of an intervertebral disc.
Osteoarthritis
A disease in which the cartilage that cushions the ends of the
bones at the joints wears away, leading to pain, stiffness, and
bony overgrowths, called spurs.Osteoporosis A condition in which the bones become porous and brittle and break easily.
Pedicles
Short, thick bony structures which project backwards from each
side of the vertebral body and are joined by the laminae to
complete the back wall of the spinal canal.Sacrum Lowermost portion of the spinal column consisting of 3bones, collectively in the shape of a triangle. - 5 fused
Sciatica Pain felt down the back and outer side of the thigh. down to the foot. May extend
Scoliosis A condition in which the spine curves to one side.
Spinal canal
The space that houses the spinal cord and spinal nerves
throughout the length of the vertebral column. Provides openings
for the exit of paired spinal nerves from the spinal cord.Spinal stenosis
The narrowing of the spinal canal (through which the spinal cord
runs), often by the overgrowth of bone caused by osteoarthritis of
the spine.Spinous processes Bony projections directly off the back of the spine that provide attachments for spinal ligaments and muscles.
Spondylolisthesis Forward displacement of a vertebra from the vertebra below due to degenerative changes in the facet joints.