Levodopa(continued)
▶Isoniaziddecreases the effects oflevodopa.oStudy
▶Levodopais predicted to increase the risk of elevated blood
pressure when given withlinezolid. Avoid.rTheoretical
▶Loxapineis predicted to decrease the effects oflevodopa.
rTheoretical→Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
▶Lurasidoneis predicted to decrease the effects oflevodopa.
rTheoretical→Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
▶Memantineis predicted to increase the effects oflevodopa.
oTheoretical
▶Metoclopramidedecreases the effects oflevodopa. Avoid.
oStudy
▶Levodopaincreases the risk of side-effects when given with
moclobemide.oStudy
▶Levodopaincreases the risk of a hypertensive crisis when
given withmonoamine-oxidase A and B inhibitors, irreversible.
Avoid and for 14 days after stopping the MAOI.rStudy→
Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
▶Monoamine-oxidase B inhibitorsare predicted to increase the
effects oflevodopa. Adjust dose.nStudy→Also seeTABLE 8
p. 848
▶Olanzapinedecreases the effects oflevodopa. Avoid or monitor
worsening parkinsonian symptoms.rAnecdotal→Also see
TABLE 8p. 848
▶Opicaponeincreases the exposure tolevodopa. Adjust dose.
oStudy
▶Paliperidoneis predicted to decrease the effects oflevodopa.
rTheoretical→Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
▶Phenothiazinesdecrease the effects oflevodopa. Avoid or
monitor worsening parkinsonian symptoms.rStudy→
Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
▶Pimozidedecreases the effects oflevodopa.rTheoretical→
Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
▶Quetiapinedecreases the effects oflevodopa.r
Anecdotal→Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
▶Risperidoneis predicted to decrease the effects oflevodopa.
Avoid or adjust dose.rAnecdotal→Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
▶Sulpirideis predicted to decrease the effects oflevodopa.
Avoid.rTheoretical→Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
▶Tetrabenazineis predicted to decrease the effects oflevodopa.
Use with caution or avoid.oTheoretical
▶Tolcaponeincreases the exposure tolevodopa. Monitor and
adjust dose.oStudy
▶Tryptophangreatly decreases the concentration oflevodopa.
oStudy
▶Zuclopenthixolis predicted to decrease the effects oflevodopa.
Avoid or monitor worsening parkinsonian symptoms.r
Theoretical→Also seeTABLE 8p. 848
Levofloxacin→see quinolones
Levofolinic acid→see folates
Levomepromazine→see phenothiazines
Levonorgestrel
▶Antiepileptics(carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine, fosphenytoin,
oxcarbazepine, perampanel, phenobarbital, phenytoin,
primidone, rufinamide, topiramate)are predicted to decrease
the efficacy oflevonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see
Contraceptives, interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶Aprepitantis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, seeContraceptives,
interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶Bosentanis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, seeContraceptives,
interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶Efavirenzis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, seeContraceptives,
interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶Fosaprepitantis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, seeContraceptives,
interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶Griseofulvinpotentially decreases the efficacy of oral
levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, seeContraceptives,
interactionsp. 497.rAnecdotal
▶HIV-protease inhibitors(ritonavir)are predicted to decrease the
efficacy oflevonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see
Contraceptives, interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical▶Lumacaftoris predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. Use additional contraceptive precautions.
rTheoretical
▶Modafinilis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, seeContraceptives,
interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶Nevirapineis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, seeContraceptives,
interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶Rifabutinis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, seeContraceptives,
interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶Rifampicinis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, seeContraceptives,
interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶St John’s Wortis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. MHRA advises avoid. For FSRH guidance, see
Contraceptives, interactionsp. 497.rTheoretical
▶Sugammadexis predicted to decrease the exposure to
levonorgestrel. Use additional contraceptive precautions.
rTheoretical
▶Ulipristalis predicted to decrease the efficacy of
levonorgestrel. Avoid.rTheoretical
Levothyroxine→see thyroid hormones
Lidocaine→see antiarrhythmics
Linagliptin→seeTABLE 14p. 850 (antidiabetic drugs)
▶Antiepileptics(carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,
phenytoin, primidone)are predicted to decrease the exposure
tolinagliptin.oStudy
▶Enzalutamideis predicted to decrease the exposure to
linagliptin.oStudy
▶Linagliptinis predicted to increase the exposure tolomitapide.
Separate administration by 12 hours.oTheoretical
▶Mitotaneis predicted to decrease the exposure tolinagliptin.
oStudy
▶Rifampicinis predicted to decrease the exposure tolinagliptin.
oStudy
Linezolid→seeTABLE 15p. 850 (myelosuppression),TABLE 13p. 850
(serotonin syndrome)
FOOD AND LIFESTYLEPatients taking linezolid should avoid
consuming large amounts of tyramine-rich foods (such as
mature cheese, salami, pickled herring,Bovril®,Oxo®,
Marmite®or any similar meat or yeast extract or fermented
soya bean extract, and some beers, lagers or wines).
▶Beta 2 agonistsare predicted to increase the risk of elevated
blood pressure when given withlinezolid. Avoid.r
Theoretical
▶Bupropionis predicted to increase the risk of intraoperative
hypertension when given withlinezolid.rAnecdotal→Also
seeTABLE 13p. 850
▶Buspironeis predicted to increase the risk of elevated blood
pressure when given withlinezolid. Avoid.rTheoretical→
Also seeTABLE 13p. 850
▶Levodopais predicted to increase the risk of elevated blood
pressure when given withlinezolid. Avoid.rTheoretical
▶Macrolides(clarithromycin)increase the exposure tolinezolid.
oAnecdotal
▶Methylphenidateis predicted to increase the risk of elevated
blood pressure when given withlinezolid. Avoid.r
Theoretical
▶Moclobemideis predicted to increase the risk of side-effects
when given withlinezolid. Avoid and for 14 days after
stoppingmoclobemide.rTheoretical→Also seeTABLE 13
p. 850
▶Monoamine-oxidase A and B inhibitors, irreversibleare
predicted to increase the risk of side-effects when given with
linezolid. Avoid and for 14 days after stopping the MAOI.
rTheoretical→Also seeTABLE 13p. 850
▶Monoamine-oxidase B inhibitors(rasagiline, selegiline)are
predicted to increase the risk of side-effects when given with
linezolid. Avoid and for 14 days after stopping the MAOI.
rTheoretical→Also seeTABLE 13p. 850
▶Monoamine-oxidase B inhibitors(safinamide)are predicted to
increase the risk of side-effects when given withlinezolid.942 Levodopa—Linezolid BNFC 2018 – 2019
Interactions|Appendix 1A1