Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

164

CHAPTER 8

Chapter Outline

Nervous System Divisions
Nerve Tissue
Synapses
Types of Neurons
Nerves and Nerve Tracts
The Nerve Impulse
The Spinal Cord
Spinal Nerves
Spinal Cord Reflexes
Reflex arc
The Brain
Ventricles
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebrum
Frontal lobes
Parietal lobes
Temporal lobes
Occipital lobes
Association areas
Basal ganglia
Corpus callosum
Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cranial Nerves
The Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Pathways
Sympathetic Division
Parasympathetic Division

Neurotransmitters

Aging and the Nervous System

BOX8–1 MULTIPLE MCLEROSIS

BOX8–2 SHINGLES

BOX8–3 SPINAL CORD INJURIES

BOX8–4 CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS

BOX8–5 APHASIA

BOX8–6 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

BOX8–7 PARKINSON’S DISEASE

BOX8–8 LUMBAR PUNCTURE

Student Objectives

• Name the divisions of the nervous system and the
  parts of each, and state the general functions of
  the nervous system.


• Name the parts of a neuron and state the function
  of each.


• Explain the importance of Schwann cells in the
  peripheral nervous system and neuroglia in the
  central nervous system.


• Describe the electrical nerve impulse, and describe
  impulse transmission at synapses.


• Describe the types of neurons, nerves, and nerve
  tracts.


• State the names and numbers of the spinal nerves,
  and their destinations.


• Explain the importance of stretch reflexes and
  flexor reflexes.


• State the functions of the parts of the brain; be
  able to locate each part on a diagram.


• Name the meninges and describe their locations.