Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

Hypothermia, 400b, 402f

Hypovolemic shock, 314b

Hypoxia, 30b, 59b, 254

I

ICF. SeeIntracellular fluid

Ileocecal valve, 385, 385f

Ileum, 378, 385f

Iliac crest, 126f, 149b

Iliac lymph nodes, 325f

Iliacus muscle, 420f

Iliopsoas, 153f, 157t, 158f

Ilium, 114f, 123, 126f

Immune globulins (Ig), 332

Immunity, 262, 327–337

acquired, 336

active, 336

adaptive, 330–334

barriers, 327–328

chemical defenses, 328

defensive cells, 328

genetic, 334–335

innate, 327–329

passive, 336

types of, 334–337, 337t

Implantation, 476

In vitro fertilization (IVF), 465b

Inactivator (chemical), 168t, 169f

Incubation period, 501

for some infectious diseases, 502t

Incus, 119, 210, 211f

Infant at birth, 486

Infant botulism, 386b

Infantile Krabbe’s disease, 480

Infections

reservoirs, 504

spread, 504

types, 502–503

urinary tract, 435b

Infectious disease, 500–503

Inferior hypophyseal artery, 227f

Inferior lobe (lung), 348f

Inferior mesenteric artery, 297f, 300t

Inferior mesenteric ganglion, 190f

Inferior mesenteric vein, 298f, 304f

Inferior phrenic artery, 300t

Inferior sagittal sinus, 298f, 299f

Inferior vena cava, 275, 276f, 298f, 302t,

304f, 305f, 380f, 420f

Inflammation, 51, 241, 328, 329f

Infraspinatus, 152f, 155f

Inguinal canal, 461

Inguinal lymph nodes, 323, 325f

Inhalation, 349, 351f

Inheritance

dominant-recessive, 487–489

eye color, 488f

multiple alleles, 489

sex-linked traits, 489–492

Inhibin, 243, 459, 460t, 468, 470t

Inhibitory center, 284, 285f

Injection sites, 149b

Innate immunity, 327–329, 329f

Inner ear, 210–215

Inorganic chemicals, 4

Inorganic compounds (of importance),

28–33

Inspiration center, 358, 359f

Inspiratory reserve, 353

Insulin, 235–236, 237t, 406t

bone growth, 112t

functions, 236f

Integumentary system, 90–101, 329f

Intensity (sensations), 198

Interatrial septum, 275

Intercalated discs, cardiac muscle, 81

Intercostal artery, 297f, 300t

Intercostal muscle, 467f

Intercostal nerve, 173f, 174t, 349

Intercostal vein, 298f

Interferons, 328, 329f

Interior nasal concha, 115f

Interlobar artery, 422f

Internal anal sphincter, 191t, 386, 387f

Internal carotid artery, 297f, 300t, 303f

Internal elastic lamina, 293f

Internal iliac artery, 297f, 301t, 305f

Internal iliac vein, 298f, 302t

Internal intercostal muscles, 348

Internal intercostals, 155t

Internal jugular vein, 298f, 302t

Internal oblique, 155f

Internal respiration, 354, 356f

Internal urethral sphincter, 191t, 431,

432f

Interneurons, 170f, 171

Interphase, 60

Interstitial cells, 459, 460f

Interventricular septum, 275, 276f

Intestinal gland, 383f

Intestines, 191t

disorders, 384b

Intracellular fluid (ICF), 29, 30, 442

Intrinsic factor, 256

Involuntary muscle, 79

Iodine, 410t

Ion, 25

Ionic bonds, 25–26

formation, 26f

Ionization, 26

Iris, 191t, 204

Iron, 410t

Iron-deficiency anemia, 4, 257b

Irregular bones, 106

Irreversible shock, 314b

Ischiocavernosus, 159f, 159t

Ischium, 114f, 123, 126f, 127f, 159f

Islets of Langerhans, 74, 233–235, 238b,

382f

Isometric exercise, 140

Isotonic exercise, 140

J

Jaundice, 259b

Jejunum, 378

Joints, 128

types, 129f, 129t

Juxtaglomerular cells, 423f, 429

K

Kaposi’s sarcoma, 332b

Keratin, 90

Keratinocytes, 90

Ketoacidosis, 238b, 406b

Ketones, 405

Ketonuria, 434t

Ketosis, 405, 406b

Kidney, 190f, 226f, 420f, 421–424

acid-base balance, 428–429, 430f

blood vessels, 424

floating, 421b

frontal section, 422f

hormones, 428t, 429f

internal structure, 421

other functions of, 429–431

stones, 433b

Kilocalories, 405

Krebs citric acid cycle, 402–403, 405t

Kyphosis, 122b

L

Labia 463f, 466, 467f

Lacrimal apparatus, 203, 203f

Lacrimal bone, 115f, 116

Lacrimal canal, 115f, 203f

Lacrimal duct, 203f

Lacrimal glands, 203, 203f

Lacrimal sac, 203, 203f

Lactase, 382

Lacteals, 322, 375f, 383f, 384

Lactic acid, 142

Lactiferous duct, 467f

Lactiferous gland, 467f

Lactose intolerance, 384b

Lambdoidal suture, 115f, 117f

Landsteiner, Karl, 252

Langerhans cells, 93, 95t, 328, 329f

Large intestine, 190f, 385–386, 385f

Laryngopharynx, 345f, 346

Larynx, 235f, 345f, 346, 346f, 348f

Lateral condyle, 127f

Lateral hypophyseal vein, 227f

Lateral malleolus, 127f

Lateral ventricle, 177f, 186f

Latissimus dorsi, 152f, 155f, 157t

Lazy eye. SeeStrabismus

596 Index

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