Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

Oxygen saturation, partial pressures, 355t

Oxytocin, 179, 226f, 228, 228t, 467, 468t,

483

P

Palatine bone, 116, 116f, 345f

Palatine process (maxilla), 116f

Palatine tonsil, 201f, 345f

Palpitations, 282

Pancreas, 190f, 191t, 224f, 233–236, 237t,

304f, 371f, 374t, 375f, 382f

Pancreatic duct, 379

Pandemic, 503

Pantothenic acid, 409t

Parotid gland, 371f

Papilla of pyramid, 422f

Papillae, 372

Papillary duct, 422f

Papillary layer, 95, 99t

Papillary muscles, 275, 276f, 277t

Paralytic ileus, 384b

Paranasal sinuses, 116, 119f, 344

Parasympathetic ANS, 187, 189, 190f

Parathyroid gland, 224f, 233, 235f

hormones, 234t

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 112t, 233,

234f, 234t, 428t, 429f

Parietal bone, 109f, 112, 115f, 117f

Parietal cells, 377, 377f

Parietal lobes, 141, 177f, 180f, 181

Parietal pericardium, 274

Parietal peritoneum, 375f, 432f

Parietal pleura, 83f, 347

Parkinson’s disease, 184b

Parotid glands, 372

Partial pressures, oxygen saturation, 355t

Parturition and labor, 481–486

Passive immunity, 336

Pasteurize, 505

Patella, 114f, 125, 127f

Patellar reflex, 174–175, 175f

Pathogens, 507–515

Pathophysiology, 4

Pectineus, 153f, 158f

Pectoralis major, 153f, 155f, 157t, 467f

Pelvic bones, 128b

Pelvic cavity, 15

Pelvic inlet, 126f

Pelvis, 420f

brim, 126f

Pentose sugars, 406

Pepsin, 377

Pepsinogen, 377

Peptidases, 382

Peptide bond, 37, 57f, 58

Peptides, 225

Pericardial artery, 300t

Pericardial membranes, 15, 274

Pericardium, 82

Perichondrium, 84t

Perilymph, 210

Perineum, 465

Periodontal membrane, 372f

Periosteum, 84t, 106–108, 138

Peripheral nervous system (PNS), 81, 166

Peristalsis, 34, 376

Peritoneum, 15, 82, 83f, 376

Peritonitis, 378b

Peritubular capillaries, 423f, 424, 426f

Pernicious anemia, 256, 257b

Peroneal artery, 301t

Peroneus brevis, 158f

Peroneus longus, 158f

Perpendicular plate, 115f

PET. SeePositron emission tomography

Peyer’s patches, 324

pH, 31–33, 32f, 252

aging, 450–451

effects of changes, 450, 450t

urine, 433, 434t

Phagocyte, 329f

Phagocytosis, 56, 262

Kupffer cells, 388

Phalanges, 114f, 123, 124f, 125, 127f

Phantom pain, 198

Pharyngeal tonsil, 345f

Pharynx, 344–346, 371f, 373

Phenotype, 487

Phenylketonuria (PKU), 490t

Phlebitis, 294b

Phosphate, 447t

Phosphate buffer system, 448

Phospholipids, 35, 37t, 49f, 407f, 408

Phosphorus, 410t

Phrenic nerve, 173f, 174t, 349

Physiologic dead space, 354

Physiology, 4

Pia mater, 184, 185f, 186f

Pigment cells, 206f

Pilomotor muscle, 95–96

Pineal gland, 224f, 243

Pinna (ear), 210

Pinocytosis, 56

Pisiform, 124f

Pituitary dwarfism, 230b

Pituitary gland, 10, 177f, 224f, 225–231

hormones, organs affected, 226f

Pivot joint, 119, 122, 129f

Placenta, 303, 305f, 479f, 480, 483f, 484f,

485f

Placental hormones, 480–481

Plantar arches (arteries), 301t

Plantar flexion, 150t

Plantaris, 158f

Plasma, 74, 252–253

cell, 255f, 323, 332

membrane, 48

proteins, 252

synthesis, 388

Plasmodium, 513

Platelets, 75, 263–268

Platysma, 154f

Pleural membranes, 15, 82, 346–347,

348f

Pleural space, 348f

Plica circulares, 383, 383f

Pneumocystis carinii, 332b

Pneumocystis jiroveci, 332b, 513

Pneumonia, 332b, 357b

Pneumotaxic center, 358, 359f

Pneumothorax, 352b

PNS. SeePeripheral nervous system

Podocyte, 423f, 424

Polarization, 171, 172t

Polypeptide, 37

Pons, 176, 177f, 178f, 186f, 190f, 303f,

358

Popliteal artery, 297f, 301t

Popliteal lymph nodes, 325f

Popliteal vein, 298f, 302t

Portal of entry (of pathogen), 503–504,

503f

Portal of exit (of pathogen), 503–504, 503f

Portal vein, 304f, 380f

Positive feedback mechanism, 10, 11f

Positron emission tomography (PET),

18b

Posterior cavity, 207

Posterior cerebral artery, 303f

Posterior communicating artery, 303f

Posterior lobe vein, 227f

Posterior pituitary, 226f, 227–228, 227f

hormones, 226f, 228t

Posterior tibial artery, 297f, 301t

Posterior tibial vein, 302t

Postganglionic neuron, 187, 190f

Posthepatic jaundice, 259b

Potassium, 410t, 447t

Potassium pump, 143–145

Precapillary sphincter, 293f, 294, 295f

Prefrontal cortex. SeeOrbitofrontal cortex

Preganglionic neuron, 187, 190f

Pregnancy, maternal changes, 482t

Prehepatic jaundice, 259b

Premature birth, 485b

Premotor areas (brain), 180, 180f

Prepuce, 459f

Presbyopia, 208b

Pressoreceptors, 216, 284

Primary bronchi, 346, 350f

Primary follicles, 463, 469f, 478f

Progesterone, 243, 468, 468t, 470t, 481

Progressive shock, 314b

Projection, 198

Prolactin, 226f, 230, 231t, 467, 468t

Pronation, 150t

Prophase, 60

Propagation of impulse, 172t

Proprioception. SeeMuscle sense

Index 599

31Scanlon(p3) Index 8/17/06 11:09 AM Page 599