Sustainable Agriculture and Food: Four volume set (Earthscan Reference Collections)

Table 13.12

Cancers preventable by dietary means

Global ranking

(incidence)

Global incidence (1000s)

Dietary factors (convincing or

probable)

Non-dietary risk factors (established)

Preventable by diet

Low

estimate (%)

High

estimate (%)

Low estimate

(1000s)

High estimate

(1000s)

Mouth and pharynx

5

575

↓

Vegetables & fruits

a?

Smoking

a

33

50

190

288

↑

alcohol

a

↑

betel

a

Nasopharynx

↑

salted fish

b

↑

EBV

b

Larynx

14

190

↓

Vegetables & fruits

↑

alcohol

↑

Smoking

33

50

63

95

Oesophagus

8

480

↓

Vegetables & fruits

↑

Smoking

50

75

240

360

↑

deficient diets

↑

Barrett’s

↑

alcohol

↑

oesophagus

Lung

1

1320

↓

Vegetables & fruits

↑

Smoking

↑

Occupation

20

33

254

436

Stomach

2

1015

↓

Vegetables & fruits

↑

H. pylori

66

75

670

761

↓

refrigeration

↑

salt

↑

salted foods

Pancreas

13

200

↓

Vegetables & fruits

↑

meat, animal fat

↑

Smoking

33

50

66

100

Gallbladder

—

c

—