Marsh (eds), Collaboration in France: Politics and
Culture during the Nazi Occupation, 1940–1944(Berg,
1989).
Important for a study of Germany are A. S. Milward,
The German Economy at War(Athlone, 1965); M. G.
Steinert, Hitler’s War and the Germans(Ohio, 1977);
E. K. Bramsted, Goebbels and National Socialist
Propaganda(East Lansing, 1965); Z. A. B. Zeman,
Nazi Propaganda* (2nd edn, Oxford, 1973); M.
Balfour, Propaganda in War, 1939–45(Routledge,
1979).
A perceptive short book on the murder of the Jews
considered in its widest setting is Y. Bauer, The
Holocaust in Historical Perspective(Sheldon, 1979), See
also F. H. Littell and H. G. Locke (eds), The German
Church, Struggle and the Holocaust(Wayne, 1974)
and, outstanding, R. Gutteridge, Open Thy Mouth for
the Dumb(Blackwell, 1976). A magisterial study is
R. Hillberg, The Destruction of the European Jews
(3 vols, Holmes & Meier, 1985). Interesting contri-
butions have been made by G. Fleming, Hitler
and the Final Solution(California, 1984); W. Laqueur,
The Terrible Secret* (Penguin, 1982); C. Browning, The
Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the Final
Solution* (Cambridge, 1992); M. Gilbert, Auschwitz
and the Allies* (Mandarin, 1991). J. Steinberg, All or
Nothing: The Axis and the Holocaust, 1941–43
(Routledge, 1990) compares the humanity of the Italian
army on the Adriatic with the barbarity of the German.
M. Gilbert, The Holocaust: The Jewish Tragedy* (Collins,
1987) is an unbearably detailed account of atrocities all
over occupied Europe. The Israeli scholar D. Bankier,
in The Germans and the Final Solution: Public Opinion
under Nazism(Blackwell, 1992), addresses the import-
ant question what Germans knew and thought. The
best one-volume account is L. Dawidowicz, The War
Against the Jews, 1933–1945* (Penguin, 1990). D. J.
Goldhager, Hitler’s Willing Executioners* (Abacus,
1997). D. Cesarani ed. The Final Solution* (Routledge,
1994).
For Allied diplomacy during the Second World War,
see H. Feis, Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin* and Between
War and Peace* (Princeton, 1967 and 1960); L.
Giovannitti and F. Freed, The Decision to Drop the Bomb
(Methuen, 1967); G. Kolko, The Politics of War: The
World and United States Foreign Policy, 1943–5*
(Pantheon, 1990); W. R. Louis, Imperialism at Bay,
1941–5: The United States and the Decolonization of the
British Empire(Oxford, 1978). A critical assessment of
Allied policy towards Poland can be found in E. J.
Rozek, Wartime Diplomacy: A Pattern in Poland
(Wiley, 1958). Also useful is R. Edmonds, The Big
Three: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin* (Penguin, 1992).
For a study of Japan’s impact and her occupation poli-
cies during the war, an outstanding book is J. Pluvier,
South East Asia from Colonialism to Independence
(Oxford, 1975).
14 WESTERN EUROPE: POST-WAR
RECOVERY AND GROWTH
W. Laqueur, Europe in Our Time, 1945–1992* (Peng-
uin, 1993) provides an overview, as does D. Urwin,
Western Europe since 1945: A Political History(Long-
man, 1989). M. J. Hogan, The Marshall Plan: America,
Britain, and the Reconstruction of Europe* (Cambridge,
1989) examines American motivation in seeking to
integrate a free-market Western Europe; A. S. Milward’s
classic study, The Reconstruction of Western Europe,
1945–51* (Routledge, 1987), shows recovery under
way before the Marshall Plan could make an impact.
Britain
K. O. Morgan, The People’s Peace: British History,
1945–1990* (Oxford, 1992); the same author has made
a special study of the post war Labour record in Labour
in Power, 1945–51* (Oxford, 1985) and Labour People*
(Oxford, 1990). Of the biographies interesting reading
is B. Pinilott’s Hugh Dalton* (Macmillan, 1986) and
the same author’s Harold Wilson (HarperCollins,
1992). See also K. Harris, Atlee* (Weidenfeld &
Nicolson, 1984); A. Home, Harold Macmillan* (2 vols,
Macmillan, 1988–9); R. Blake, The Conservative Party
from Peel to Thatcher(Fontana Press, 1985). A good
synthesis is A. Sked and C. Cook, Post-War Britain: A
Political History, 1945–1992* (Penguin, 1993). For a
stimulating interpretation see P. Calvocoressi, The
British Experience, 1945–75* (Penguin, 1978). See
also V. Bogdanor and R. Skideisky (eds), The Age
of Affluence, 1951–1964* (Macmillan, 1970); D.
Marquand, The Unprincipled Society: New Demands and
Old Politics (Cape, 1988). Violence, not only that
caused by the IRA, is discussed in R. Clutterbuck,
Britain in Agony: The Growth of Political Violence*
(Penguin, 1978); for a readable and subtle analysis of
the British way of life, see A. Marwick, British Society
since 1945* (2nd edn, Penguin, 1990). Two good
studies of the Thatcher decade are D. Kavanagh,
Thatcherism and British Politics: The End of Consensus?*
(Penguin, 1988) and P. Riddell, The Thatcher Era and
Its Legacy* (Blackwell, 1991). For an antidote to
patriotic fervour, see Lieutenant D. Tinker’s moving
letters, A Message from the Falklands*, posthumously
compiled by H. Tinker (Junction Books, 1982). On the
impact and reception of immigrants to Britain, see J.
Walvin, Passage to Britain* (Penguin, 1984). A good
overview of Britain’s external relations is provided by D.
Reynolds, Britannia Overruled: British Policy and World
Power in the 20th Century* (Longman, 1991), with an
extensive bibliography.
Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
F. S. L. Lyons, Ireland since the Famine(2nd edn,
Fontana Press, 1985); R. F. Foster, Modern Ireland,
1
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 967
