Medical Microbiology

TaxonomyandOverviewofHumanPathogenicBacteria 223

Table3. 9 Continued:OverviewoftheMedicallyMostImportantBacteria

Family

Genus,species

Characteristics Clinical

manifestations

Continued:Section6.

Moraxellaceae Cocciandshortrods

Moraxellacatarrhalis NormalrespiratorytractfloraSinusitis,otitismediain

children

Acinetobacterbaumannii

Acinetobactercalcoaceticus

Ubiquitous,coccobacillary

rods

Nosocomialinfections,

oftenmultipleresistance

againstanti-infective

agents

Section 7 .Gram-negativefacultativelyanaerobicrods

Enterobacteriaceae Inhabitatintestineofman

andanimals.Genera(41)

andspecies(hundreds)

identifiedbiochemically

Escherichiacoli Lactose-positive,most

frequenthumanpathogen,

variouspathovars.

Nosocomialinfections,

Gutdiseasecausedby

pathovarsEPEC,ETEC,

EIEC,EHEC,andEAggEC

Salmonellaenterica Lactose-negative,motile,

over 2000 serovars

Typhoid/paratypoidfever,

gastroenteritis

Shigelladysenteriae,

S.flexneri,S.boydii,

S.sonnei

Lactose-negative

(inmostcases),nonmotile,

O-serovars

Bacterialdysentery

Klebsiella,Enterobacter,

Citrobacter,Proteus,

Serratia,Morganella,

Providencia,andother

genera

Opportunists,frequently

resistanttoantibiotics

Nosocomialinfections

Yersiniapestis Bipolarstaining,motile,

noacidfromlactose.

Rodentpathogen

Bubonicplague,

pulmonaryplague

Yersiniaenterocolitica Reservoir:wildanimals,

domesticanimals,pets

Enteritis,lymphadenitis

Calymmatobacterium

granulomatis

Encapsulated,nonmotile Granulomainguinale

(venerealdisease)

3

Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme