Medical Microbiology

TaxonomyandOverviewofHumanPathogenicBacteria 227

Table3. 9 Continued:OverviewoftheMedicallyMostImportantBacteria

Family

Genus,species

Characteristics Clinical

manifestations

Section 1 2.Rickettsiae,Coxiellae,Ehrlichiae,Bartonellae,andChlamydiae

Rickettsiaceae Smallshortrods,usually

intracellularbacteriatrans-

mittedbyarthropods

Rickettsioses

Rickettsiaprowazekii Transmittedbybodylice Typhus

Rickettsiarickettsii Transmittedbyticks RockyMountainsSpotted

Fever(RMSF)

“Coxelliaceae”

Coxiellaburnetii Reservoir:sheep,cattle,

rodents;infectionby

inhalation

Qfever(pneumonia)

Ehrlichiaceae Coccobacillary.Culture

possible

Zoonoses

Ehrlichiachaffeensis Transmissionbyticks Humanmonocytrophic

ehrlichiosis(HME)

Ehrlichiaewingiiand

Anaplasma(formerly

Ehrlichia)phagocytophilum

Transmissionbyticks Humangranulocytotrophic

ehrlichiosis(HEG)

Bartonellaceae Shortpleomorphicrods

Bartonellabacilliformis Tropismforerythrocytes/

endothelia.Transmitted

bysandflea

Oroyafeverandverruga

peruana

Bartonellahenselaeand

Bartonellaclaridgeia

Animalreservoir:cats Sepsis,bacillaryangio-

matosisinimmuno-

suppressedpatients(AIDS).

Catscratchdiseasein

immunocompetentper-

sons

Bartonellaquintana Transmissionbybodylice Five-dayfever

Chlamydiaceae Obligateintracellularpatho-

gen,reproductivecycle

Chlamydiatrachomatis Biovartrachoma Trachoma,inclusion

conjunctivitis,urethritis

(nonspecific)

Biovarlymphogranuloma

venerum

Lymphogranuloma

venereum

3

Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme