Medical Microbiology

Table 1 2. 2 Continued:LowerRespiratoryTract

Infection Mostimportant

pathogens

Laboratorydiagnosis

Pulmonaryhantaviruses

(USA)

Serology

Enteroviruses Isolationfrompharyngeal

lavageorbronchial

secretion

Rhinoviruses Laboratorydiagnosisnot

recommended

Bacteria(80– 90 %)

“Community-acquired

pneumonia”

Streptococcuspneumoniae

(30%)

Haemophilusinfluenzae(5%)

Staphylococcusaureus(5%)

Klebsiellapneumoniae

Legionellapneumophila

Mixedanaerobicflora

(aspirationpneumonia)

Microscopyandculturing

fromexpectorated

sputum,orbetteryetfrom

transtrachealorbronchial

aspirate,frombronchoalveolar

lavageorbiopsymaterial.

Ifanaerobesaresuspected

usespecialtransportvessels

Mycoplasmapneumoniae

(1 0 %)

Coxiellaburnetii

Chlamydiapsittaci

Serology

Serology

Serology:CFTcandetect

onlyantibodiestogenus.

Microimmunofluorescence

(MIF)species-specific

Chlamydiapneumoniae Serology:MIF

“Hospital-acquired

pneumonia”

Enterobacteriaceae

Pseudomonasaeruginosa

Staphylococcusaureus

Laboratoryprocedures

seeaboveat“community-

acquiredpneumonia”

Fungi Aspergillusspp.

Candidaspp.

Cryptococcusneoformans

Histoplasmacapsulatum

Coccidioidesimmitis

Blastomycesspp.

Mucorales

Microscopyandculture,

preferablyfromtranstracheal

orbronchialaspirate,

bronchoalveolarlavageor

lungbiopsy.Serologyoften

possible

(seeChapter5)

LowerRespiratoryTract 633

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Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme