K 732 Encyclopedia of Islam
Afghani, Jamal al-Din al- xlivc,
14–15
Abduh, Muhammad 6
Banna, Hasan al- 89
Constitutional Revolution
164
creation 173
education 209
miracle 476–477
pan-Islamism 545
philosophy 555
Rashid Rida, Muhammad
581–582
renewal and reform
movements 587
Salafism 601
Sufism 640
Twelve-Imam Shiism 680
umma 689
Afghanistan xxvii, xxix, xlviic,
xlviiic, 15–16
Abd al-Rahman, Umar
4–5
Afghan mujahidin 16–17
Australia 70
Biruni, Abu Rayhan al-
107
Buddhism and Islam
116–117
burqa 119
Delhi 186
dhimmi 195
flag 245
Hanbali Legal School 288
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin
295–296
hisba 303
holidays 306
Mughal dynasty 488
mujahid 499
music 505
Muslim Brotherhood 508
Pakistan 542
al-Qaida 564–565
refugees 584
suicide 642
Taliban 657–659
Usama bin Ladin 697–
698
Afghan mujahidin 16–17, 161,
296, 542, 608, 657–659
African Americans, Islam among
xlviic, 17–18, 102, 182, 199,
226–227, 453–454
African languages and literatures
18–19
afterlife 19–20
Aga Khan xlivc, 20–21, 219, 379
agriculture 21, 21–23, 105,
219, 270, 349
ahl al-bayt 23
Ahmadiyya xlivc, 23–24
African Americans, Islam
among 17, 18
Badawi, Ahmad al- 83
bidaa 101
blasphemy 109
Daoud Ahmed 181
Ghulam Ahmad 263
India 350
Jesus 397
Kashmir 425
Mawdudi, Abu al-Ala 463
Pakistan 541
prophets and prophethood
561
United States 694
Webb, Alexander Russell
708
Ahmad Khan, Sir Sayyid xlivc,
24–25
Aligarh 32, 33
Barelwi, Sayyid Ahmad
93
Chiragh Ali 139
creation 173
education 209
renewal and reform
movements 587
tafsir 655
Aisha bint Abi Bakr ibn Abi
Quhafa 25–26
Abu Bakr 9
authority 74
camel 128
fitna 241
hadith 278, 279
harem 292
hypocrites 322
Shiism 624
women 711
Ajmer 26–27, 301
Akbar (Mughal emperor) xliic,
27
Bangladesh 87
Hinduism and Islam 301
India 353
jizya 403
Mughal dynasty 488–489
Persian language and
literature 551
Sirhindi, Ahmad 629
Akhbari School 27–28, 500,
620, 625, 679, 699
Alawi 28–29
Alawid dynasty 28, 29
alchemy 29–30
Alexander the Great 30–31,
150, 291, 368, 380, 392–393,
429
Algeria xlivc, xlvic, 31–32
Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi
3–4
archaeology 59
Arkoun, Muhammad 61
human rights 315
politics and Islam 556
al-Qaida 566Aligarh 32–33, 35, 362, 708
Ali ibn Abi Talib xxv, xxvi,
xxxviiic, 33–34
ahl al-bayt 23
Aisha bint Abi Bakr ibn Abi
Quhafa 26
Alawi 28
basmala 94
Bektashi Sufi Order 99
caliph 125
camel 128
cemetery 133
Emigrants 213
Fatima 230
fitna 241
Five Pillars 242
Gabriel 255
Ghadir Khumm 257
ghulat 264
Gulf Wars 274
hadith 279
harem 292
Hashimite dynasty 295
Hijra 299
holidays 306
Iraq 369
Jaafar al-Sadiq 386
Khawarij 431
Mahdi 447
Moses 483
Muhammad 492
Navruz 526
Night of Destiny 529
Qadiri Sufi Order 563
Ramadan 581
shahada 619
Shiism 623
sunna 645
Twelve-Imam Shiism 676
Umayyad Caliphate 687
Uthman ibn Affan 700
walaya 707
women 712
Allah xxiii, 34–35
Arabian religions, pre-
Islamic 52
Bangladesh 87
baqa and fana 89–90
conversion 165
creation 171
dhikr 193
flag 244
food and drink 246
ghulat 264
goddess 265
human rights 314
jinni 402
Judaism and Islam 409
names of God 515
prayer beads 558
Quran 571
tawhid 664
umma 688All-India Muslim League
(AIML) xlvc, 35–36
Awami League 76
Bangladesh 88
Hinduism and Islam 301
India 355–356
Iqbal, Muhammad 362
Jinnah, Muhammad Ali
401
Pakistan 541
Almohad dynasty xlc, 36–37
Berber 100
Granada 267
Ibn al-Arabi, Muhyi al-
Din 326
Ibn Rushd, Muhammad
336
Ibn Tumart, Muhammad
340–341
tawhid 665
Almoravid dynasty xlc, 37–38,
267, 341, 709
almsgiving xxiii, 38–39
alphabet 39–40, 69, 127, 207,
675
amulets and talismans 40–41,
619
Andalusia xxix, xxxvix, xlc, 41,
41–42
Almohad dynasty 36
Almoravid dynasty 37
Christianity and Islam 142
Cordoba 167–168
dialogue 196
Europe 218–219
Harun al-Rashid 293
Hijra 299
Ibn Hazm, Ali ibn Ahmad
ibn Said 331
Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-
Rahman 334
Jesus 397
minaret 474
Mudejar 486
angel 42–43
animals 43–45
Ansar xxix, 45, 162, 213, 299,
448
anthropomorphism 45–46,
340, 626
Antichrist 46, 214, 397, 495
anti-Semitism 46–47, 227, 382,
412, 523
apostasy 48
Aqsa Mosque 48–49
angel 43
Buraq, al- 118
Dome of the Rock 202
Israel 381
Jerusalem 391, 394–395
Jordan 406
mosque 486
OIC 535
Arab xxvii, 49–50