Index 733 Jarabesque xxi, 50, 50–51
Arabian Nights xxi, 51–52, 55,
84, 159, 245, 292, 293
Arabian religions, pre-Islamic
52–53
Arabic language and literature
xxxi, xxxviiic, 53–55, 54 t
African languages and
literatures 18
alphabet 39
Arab 49
Baqli, Ruzbihan 91
biography 102–103
Biruni, Abu Rayhan al-
106–107
Brethren of Purity 115–116
calligraphy 127
coffee 154
education 208, 209
Europe 219
holy books 308
Jerusalem 394
Shaarawi, Huda al- 613
tafsir 656
Umayyad Caliphate 687
Arab-Israeli conflicts xlvic,
56–57
Arab-Israeli War (1967)
Arab-Israeli conflicts 56
Egypt 212
Israel 380, 382
Lebanon 442
Muslim Brotherhood 507
Orientalism 537
Palestine 543
renewal and reform
movements 598
Arab-Israeli War (1973) 56,
234, 382, 533, 534, 597
Arab League xlvic, 57, 382,
407, 534, 544
Arab Socialist Baath Party. See
Baath Party
Arafat 57–58, 282, 466
Arafat, Yasir xlviiic, 58–59,
382, 383, 508, 538, 543–545
archaeology 59–60
architecture xxi, 60, 60–61, 61
Baghdad 84
Bukhara 117
Dome of the Rock 201
garden 256
houses 311–313
Husayniyya 320–321
Iraq 368
Mecca 468
minaret 474–475
Seljuk dynasty 611
Aristotle 225, 292, 336–338,
417, 501, 536
Arkoun, Muhammad 61–62,
315, 656
Armenians xlvc, 62–63
art 50–51, 63–65, 64, 201
asceticism xxvi, 65–66
Ashari School 66–67
fate 228
Ghazali, Abu Hamid al- 261
Hasan al-Basri, al- 294
holy books 308
Ibadiyya 323
Ibn Rushd, Muhammad
337
Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi al-Din
Ahmad 340
Mutazili School 512
Shafii Legal School 617
tawhid 665
theology 668
Ashura 67–68
calendar 124
Fatima 231
fitna 241
holidays 306
Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi
Talib 319
Husayniyya 320, 321
India 350
Iranian Revolution (1978–
1979) 366
Karbala 423
Muharram 498
Shiism 624
Twelve-Imam Shiism 680
Assassins 68, 232, 238
Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal xlvc,
68–69, 69
caliph 125
caliphate 126
cinema 146
comic strips and comic
books 159
Gülen, Fethullah 268
holidays 306
Iran 363
Iranian Revolution (1978–
1979) 365
Istanbul 384
Khilafat Movement 433
Ottoman dynasty 539
Qadiri Sufi Order 564
renewal and reform
movements 587
Reza Shah Pahlavi 591
RP 582
Turkey 674
Aurangzeb xliiic, 69–70, 183,
353, 403, 489–490, 629
Australia xxvii, 70–71
authority 71–75, 72 t
autobiography 75–76, 91, 334,
338
Averroës. See Ibn Rushd,
Muhammad
Avicenna. See Ibn Sina, Abu Ali
al-Husayn
Awami League 76–77, 88
aya 77, 77, 421ayatollah xlviiic, 78, 435, 500
Ayodhya 78–79, 358
Azad, Abu al-Kalam 79, 93, 655
al-Azhar xlc, 79–80, 80
Banna, Hasan al- 88–89
education 210
Egypt 211
Husayni, Muhammad Amin
al- 317
madrasa 446, 447
student 634
university 696B
Baath Party 81–82
Baghdad 84
comic strips and comic
books 159
Gulf Wars 276
Husayn, Saddam 315–317
Iraq 370, 371
Muslim Brotherhood 508
Shiism 627
Syria 649
Babism 82–83, 85
Badawi, Ahmad al- 83, 306
Baghdad xxxi, xxxviiic, xlic,
83–85
Abbasid Caliphate 1, 2
arabesque 51
Bahai Faith 85
books and bookmaking 113
cities 150
Farabi, Abu Nasr al- 224
food and drink 249
Hallaj, al-Husayn ibn
Mansur al- 285
Hanbali Legal School 288
harem 292
Harun al-Rashid 293
Iraq 369
Medina 470
paradise 547
Bahai Faith xlivc, 82, 85–86,
109, 626
Bakr, Abu
caliph 125
Emigrants 213
Hijra 299
Jaafar al-Sadiq 386
Naqshbandi Sufi Order 517
Twelve-Imam Shiism 677
Umar ibn al-Khattab 685
Uthman ibn Affan 700
Bamba, Ahmadu 86, 502
Bangladesh xxv, xxvii, xlviic,
76–77, 86–88, 104, 542, 561
Banna, Hasan al- xlvc, xlvic,
88–89
Abduh, Muhammad 6
Egypt 212
Ghannoushi, Rashid
al- 259Muslim Brotherhood 506,
507
Qutb, Sayyid 576
renewal and reform
movements 588
baqa and fana 89–91, 194,
549, 629
Baqli, Ruzbihan 91, 458, 529,
591
baraka 40, 91–92, 423, 548,
558, 707, 722
Barelwi, Sayyid Ahmad 87,
92–93, 183, 498, 588
Basmachi 93–94
basmala 94, 198, 199, 221,
515, 605
batin 94–95, 377
Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship
95–96
bazaar 96–98, 97, 164, 303
Bedouin 98–99
Badawi, Ahmad al- 83
folklore 245
food and drink 249
Hagar 281
Hijra 299
houses 311–312
Ismaili Shiism 377
Jordan 405
justice 416
Wahhabism 705–706
Bektashi Sufi Order xlivc,
99–100, 390, 717
Berbers xxvii, xxxviiic, 100
Algeria 31–32
Almohad dynasty 36, 37
Almoravid dynasty 37
Cordoba 168
Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-
Rahman 334
Morocco 481
West Africa 709
Bible
Abraham 9
Adam and Eve 12
archaeology 59
creation 171
David 184–185
faith 223
holy books 308
Moses 482, 483
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 520
Navruz 525
Quran 570
bidaa 86, 101, 176, 645
Bilal 101–102, 474
bin Laden, Usama. See Usama
bin Ladin
biography 102–104, 116,
332–333, 491
birth control and family
planning 7, 104, 104–105,
388
birth rites 105–106