388 INDEX
Shanama (The Book ofKings/Firdausi),
124-125, 186, 188
Shari' a definition/description, 97
Shariati, Ali, 340
Sharif Hussein Ibn Ali, 295-296
Sheikh al-Islam ("Old Man of Islam"),
179
Sherley, Robert/Anthony, 219-220
Shi'i/Shi'ism
Abbasids and, 86-87, 120
Aliand,64, 70, 71, 82,184,186
beginnings, 39, 70-71, 81
beliefs/description, 39, 70, 71-72
Hussein's martyrdom and, 70, 71-72,
82,187,254
11-Khan dynasty, 159
imam significance, 70-71, 82, 129,
184-185, 186, 340, 341
lrnn, 185,340-341,343-344
Persians and, 82, 83-84, 185
Twelvers, 184, 185, 186
Umayyad Empire and, 82
Wahhabism and, 254, 257
See also Fatimids/khalifate; Safavids of
Persia
Shirk, 255
Shurn, 52,67,263-264
Siddhartha Gautama, 23
Siffin battle, 63-64
Sikhs, 193, 195, 231, 250
Sinon (Assassin), 146
Sinon (Ottoman architect), 180
Siraj ai-Dawlah, 233
Six Day War/consequences (1967),
328,329-333
Slavery, 51,202,217,282-283
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell, xvii
Soviet Union fall, 346
Spanish Inquisition, 178-179
Spiritual Manuscript, The Qalaludin-i
Rumi), 170-171
Steam engines, 254, 270, 271, 315
Stephenson, George, 271
Suez Canal/Zone, 243, 308-309, 312,
325-326,334
Sufi brotherhoods, 165-166, 169, 171,
182, 183-184
Sufism
Asia Minor, 168, 169-172
dervishes, 169, 170
description/spread, 106-110,
165-168,193-194,196,202
futuwwah ideals, 166-168, 171
Ghazali, 112-113
ghazi orders, 171-172
Ottoman Empire, 168, 178,
181-182,223-224,273-274
Wahhabism and, 257
Suleiman the Magnificent/the
Lawgiver, 183, 221-222, 223
Sumer/inventions, 5-6
Sunnis, 39, 71, 97-98, 185, 186,
187
Sykes, Mark, 297, 297(fig.)
Sykes-Picot Agreement, 297, 297(fig.),
298,311
Syria
Frnnce and, 311, 313
Napoleon and, 242Tabari, Ibn Jarir al-, 34-35
Taj Mahal, 194
Talha, 62
Taliban, 11, 84, 308, 347, 352
Tancred, King, 141, 142
Tarzi, 268
Tawhid, 103-104, 255
Tazieh, 187
Templars, 199
Term limits, 192
Terrorism
Assassins, 130, 131, 132, 143