einsteinium, 127
“Electrical Disturbances Apparently of Extraterrestrial Origin” (Jansky), 157
electric charge, conservation of, 43
electromagnetic spectrum, 147–64
electromagnetism, 18, 19–20, 92, 93
electrons, 21, 22, 24, 27–28, 38, 48–49, 57–58, 142
electroweak force, 19–20, 21
elements, 115–33, 203
heavy, 37
as revealed in spectra, 35
see also specific elements
energy, 18, 20–21, 48, 75, 109, 136
quantized, 19
vacuum, 64, 74
see also dark energy
energy, conservation of, 43
Eniwetok atoll, 127
escape velocity, 78
Europa (moon), 172
European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), 25n
Everest, Mount, 137
exoplanets, 89, 182–84, 187
first discovered, 192
Explorer XI satellite, 161
extinctions, 127, 169
extremophiles, 204
faint blue galaxies, 64, 69–70
Faraday, Michael, 170
Ferguson, James, 193, 194
fine-structure constant, 37
Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 22
Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), 158
flattened spheres, 139–41
frequency, 154, 156n
Friedmann, Alexander, 100
galaxies, 86, 194–95
ancient, 69
collisions of, 66–67
dark matter and, 84–85
dark matter haloes and, 81–82
formation of, 28
gas-rich, 68–69
lensing of, 72
name derivation of, 63
number of, 62
number of stars in, 65–66
orbital speed in, 80–81
recession velocity of, 105, 145
“Galaxy and the Seven Dwarfs, The” (Tyson), 64
galaxy clusters, 67, 77, 79
formation of, 58–59