virtual history 91
virtual state 472
and limitations of 477
voluntary action:
as default option 624
and departures from optimality625 7
failures of individual rationality632 4
market failure627 32, 646
paternalistic intervention633 4
and failures of voluntary
cooperation634 6,638 9
and free riders628 9
volunteer organizations, and impact of
government funding 181
voting behavior640 1
and government policy895 6
Wagner Act (USA) 559
war:
and ethical questions714 16
and policy modeling 771
see alsonuclear strategy; nuclear systems
analysis
War on Poverty (USA) 10 ,563 4
and development of policy sciences 44
and social experimentation 809
Washington Consensus 193
and constraints on public policy536 7
and ‘impossible trinity’ of policy
choices537 8
water policy, and framing of issues174 5
water rights, and Orme Dam dispute 109 ,
116 17
Watergate scandals, and development of
policy sciences 45
watershed approaches, and water policy 175
welfare, as divisive policy issue 170
welfare economics 8
andanalytical tools of, cost analysis
736 41
and assumptions of 730
and consumer surplus 735
and eYciency730 3
and Kaldor Hicks compensation
principle733 4
and markets731 2
and Pareto criterion731 3
and policy analysis741 2
and social choice730 1
and willingness to pay (WTP)734 6
criticism of 752
diminishing marginal utility 735
marginal analysis735 6
welfare policy:
and eVectiveness of, cross national
comparisons 615
and eYciency equity trade oV 613 14
and high income groups as
beneWciaries619 20
and income maintenance 608
and middle class beneWciaries618 19
and poverty alleviation 609
and pro poor bias 620
and redistribution 607
and simulation and policy design 353
and targeted welfare612 13
and typology of welfare states611 12
and universal welfare612 13
see alsoredistribution
Welfare Reform Act (USA, 1996 ) 52
welfarestates:
and creation of dis/advantaged
populations178 9
and decommodiWcation 859 , 860
and development of:
assumptions about 858
functionalist perspectives861 2
welfare regimes 862
and impact of income transfer programs:
comparative approach305 8
on family care312 13
on labor supply310 12
pre post taxes and transfers
method301 5
United States308 9
and labor market, regard for859 60
and market expansion 859
and market friendly nature of859 60
and paradox of redistribution 307 , 315 , 616
and political institutions863 5
and private provision of public
services 859
and protected categories858 9
eligibility criterion859 60, 865982 subject index