INDEX
691Bipolar recording, 492
BK channels, 536
Bladder, 661–662
deafferentation, 662
denervation, 662
emptying, 661–662
filling, 661
reflex control, 662
spinal cord transection, 662
Blastocyst, 423
Blind spot, 182
Blindsight, 198
Blobs, 194
Blood, 521–554
ABO system, 527–528
active capillaries, 549
agglutinogens, 530
air embolism, 550
angiogenesis, 539
anticlotting mechanisms, 533–535
anticoagulants, 535
antigen inheritance, 529
arterial circulation, 543–548
arterial pressure, 544
arteries, 536–537
arteriolar circulation, 543–548
arterioles, 536–537
arteriovenous anastomoses, 538
auscultatory method, 545–547
average velocity, 541
blood flow measurement, 539
blood types, 527–530
bone marrow, 522
buffering, 615–616
capacitance vessels, 543
capillaries, 537–538
capillary circulation, 546–549
catabolism of hemoglobin, 526–527
circulation, 535–543
clotting mechanism, 531–533
critical closing pressure, 542
effects of heartbeat, 549
endothelium, 535
equilibration with interstitial fluid, 548
flow, 544, 548
gene activation, 540–541
gravity, effect of, 544
hemoglobin, 523
hemoglobin in fetus, 525–526
hemostasis, 531–535
hypoproteinemia, 531
inactive capillaries, 549
interstitial fluid volume, 550–552
ionic composition, 503–504
laminar flow, 540
law of Laplace, 542–543
lymph, 535
lymphatic circulation, 550
lymphatics, 538
measuring blood pressure, 544–545
measuring venous pressure, 550
muscle pump, 549–550
newborn, hemolytic disease, 530
normal arterial blood pressure, 546
plasma, 530–531
plasma proteins, 530–531
platelets, 523
Poiseuille–Hagen formula, 541–542
pressure, flow, 547
reactions of hemoglobin, 523–525
red blood cells, 523
resistance, 539, 542, 543
response to injury, 531
RH group, 530
role of spleen, 523
shear stress, 540–541
synthesis of hemoglobin, 526
thoracic pump, 549
transfusion reactions, 528–529
vascular smooth muscle, 536
veins, 538
velocity, 544
venous circulation, 549
venous pressure, flow, 549–550
venous pressure in head, 550
venules, 538
viscosity, 542
white blood cells, 522–523
Blood–brain barrier, 80, 572–574
circumventricular organs, 573–574
development of, 574
function of, 574
penetration of substances into brain, 572–573
Blood flow, 590–591, 599, 643–644
measurement, 539
Blood group antigens, 527
Blood plasma, 2
Blood pressure, 544–545
Blood–testis barrier, 402–403
Blood types, 527–530
ABO system, 527–528
agglutinogens, 530
antigen inheritance, 529
newborn, hemolytic disease, 530
RH group, 530
transfusion reactions, 528–529
Blood typing, 528
Blood vessels, 642–643
BMR. See Basal metabolic rate
BNP. See Brain natriuretic peptide
Body as organized solution, 2
Body mechanics, 106
Bohr effect, 611
Bohr’s equation, 600
Bomb calorimeter, 460
Bombesin, 448
Bone conduction, 210
Bone disease, 373–374
Bone growth, 371
Bone marrow, 522
Bony labyrinth, 205
Borborygmi, 473
Botulinum toxin, 119
Boutons, 80
Bowman’s capsule, 640
BPG. See Biphosphoglycerate
BPN1, 140
Bradycardia, 497
Bradykinesia, 252
Bradykinin, 566
Brain, electrical activity, 229–240
Brain metabolism, 576–577
ammonia removal, 577
energy sources, 577
glutamate, 577
oxygen consumption, 576–577
uptake, release of substances by brain, 576
Brain–computer interface devices, 250
Brain natriuretic peptide, 674
Brain stem pathways, posture, voluntary
movement, 246–247
Breaking point, for breathing, 631
Breasts
cyclic changes in, 414development of, 426
Breathing, 598–599
acid–base balance, ventilatory responses, 629
aortic bodies, 628–629
breath holding, 631
carotid bodies, 628–629
chemical control of, 627–631
chemoreceptors in brain stem, 629
CO
2
, ventilatory responses, 630
control systems, 625–626
effect of H
+
on CO
2
response, 631
effects of hypoxia on CO
2
response curve,
631
medullary systems, 626
neural control of, 625–627
oxygen lack, ventilatory response, 630–631
pontine influences, 627
vagal influences, 627
Brinogenemia, 531
Broca’s area, 297
Brodmann’s area, 174, 243
Bronchi, 590
Bronchial circulation, 590
Bronchial tone, 594
Brown fat, 24, 283
Bruits, 512
Brush border, 640
B-type natriuretic peptide, 674
Buffer, 4
Buffering, 4, 615–616
Buffering capacity, 4
Bulk flow, 571
Bundle of His, 489
Bundle of Kent, 501
Bursal equivalents, 70
Bystander effects, 75C
C1 channels, 651
C-type natriuretic peptide, 675
C wave, 512, 549
Ca
2+
-activated K
+
channels, 536
Ca
2+
sparks, 53, 491
Cadherins, 38
CAE.
See
childhood absence epilepsy
Calbindin, 52
Calbindin-D, 365
Calcitonin, 363, 370–371
actions, 370
origin, 370
secretion, 370
structure, 370
Calcitonin gene-related peptide, 145, 370
Calcium, 364–365, 458
Calcium-binding proteins, 52–53
Calcium metabolism, 364–365
effects of hormones, 371
Calcium rigor, 504
Calcium stones, 250
Calmodulin, 52
Calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain
kinase, 110
Caloric intake, distribution, 463–464
Calorie, 460
Calorigenesis, 310–312
Calorigenic action, 308, 310
Calorimetry, 460–461
Calpain, 412
cAMP, 56
cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, 56
CAMs.
See
Cell adhesion molecules
Canal of Schlemm, 182