702
INDEX
Intrinsic system, 532
Introns, 11
Invasion of immune cells, 90
Inverse stretch reflex, 162–163
In vitro fertilization, 424
Involutional osteoporosis, 374
Iodide transport across thyrocytes, 303
Iodine homeostasis, 303
Iodotyrosine deiodinase, 305
Ion channels, 33, 45–47
in myelinated neurons, 85
Ion distribution, 96
Ionic basis of photoreceptor potentials, 190
Ionic composition of blood, 503–504
Ionic fluxes, 96
during action potential, 85
Ionotropic receptors, 141
IPSP.
See
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
IP3R.
See
Inositol triphosphate receptor
Iris, 181
Iron, 458–459
Iron deficiency anemia, 527
Irradiation of stimulus, 164
Irritant receptors, 632
Ischemic hypoxia, 617
Ishihara charts, 196
Islet cell hormones, 330–331
organization of pancreatic islets, 331
pancreatic polypeptide, 331
somatostatin, 330–331
Islet cell structure, 316
Isocapnic buffering, 636
Isoforms, 102, 108
Isohydric principle, 4
Isomaltase, 452
Isometric, 101
Isotonic, 6, 101
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction, 508
Itch, 168
IUDs.
See
Intrauterine devices
J
JAMs.
See
Junctional adhesion molecules
Jaundice, 483–484
JG cells.
See
Juxtaglomerular cells
Jugular pulse, 512
Junction, neuromuscular, 123–125
anatomy, 123
end plate potential, 124
quantal release of transmitter, 124–125
sequence of events during transmission, 123–124
Junctional adhesion molecules, 38
Junctional folds, 123
Juvenile diabetes, 334
Juxtacrine communication, 50
Juxtaglomerular apparatus, 641, 673
Juxtaglomerular cells, 641, 673
Juxtamedullary nephrons, 640
K
K complexes, 234
Kainate receptors, 141
Kallidin, 566
Kallikreins, 566
Kallmann syndrome, 282
Karyotype, 392
Kayser–Fleischer rings, 252
Kernicterus, 530, 574
Ketoacidosis, 26
Ketogenic, 18
Ketone bodies, 23–24
Ketosteroids, 342, 348
Kety method, 574–575
Kilocalorie, 460
Kinases, 51
Kinesin, 37
Kininase I, 566
Kininase II, 566
Kinins, 168, 566
Kinocilium, 207
Knee jerk, 159
Knee jerk reflex, 158
Kupffer cells, 480
Kussmaul breathing, 324L
Labyrinth, 205
Labyrinth righting reflexes, 215
Lacis cells, 641, 673
Lacrimal duct, 185
Lacrimal gland, 185
Lactase, 452
Lactation, 426–427
development of breasts, 426
effect of lactation on menstrual cycles, 427
gynecomastia, 427
initiation of lactation after delivery, 427
Lactic acidosis, 324
Lactose, 452
Lambert–Eaton syndrome, 126
Lamellar bodies, 597
Laminar flow, 540
Laminins, 38
Language, 295—298
complementary specialization of the hemispheres
vs. “cerebral dominance,” 295–296
disorders, 297–298
physiology, 296–297
Large molecular transmitters, 143–145
opioid peptides, 143–144
polypeptides, 144–145
substance P, 143
tachykinins, 143
Late diastole, 507
Late endosome, 44
Latent period, 88
Lateral brain stem pathway, 247
Lateral corticospinal tract, 242
Lateral geniculate body, 184
Lateral inhibition, 153, 193
Lateral intercellular spaces, 640, 648
Lateral olfactory stria, 221
Law of Laplace, 542–543
Law of projection, 155
Law of specific nerve energies, 153–155
LCAT. See Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
LDL. See Low-density lipoproteins
Lead pipe rigidity, 253
Leaky epithelium, 648
Learning, 289–295
Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, 27
Left axis deviation, 495
Left bundle branch block, 497
Left ventricular ejection time, 510
LEMS. See Lambert–Eaton syndrome
Length of systole, diastole, 510
Lengthening reaction, 163
Lens suspensary ligament, 181
Lenticular nucleus, 250, 252
Leu-enkephalin, 144
Leukemia inhibitory factor, 91
Leukotrienes, 28
Levodopa, 254
Lewy bodies, 254LH. See Luteinizing hormone
LHRH. See Luteinizing hormone-releasing
hormone
LIF. See Leukemia inhibitory factor
Ligands, 33
Light adaptation, 197
Light chains, 73
Limiting pH, 680
Linear acceleration, 215–216
Lipidated, 33
Lipid breakdown, 103
Lipids, 23–29, 457–458
fat absorption, 457–458
fat digestion, 457
short-chain fatty acids in colon, 458
steatorrhea, 457
Lipid transport, 24, 26–27
Lipoproteins lipase, 26
Lipoxins, 28
Liver, 479–488
ammonia metabolism, excretion, 484–485
bile, 482–483
bilirubin metabolism, excretion, 483
detoxification, 481–482
functional anatomy, 479–480
functions, 481–485
glucuronyl transferase, 484
hepatic circulation, 480–481
jaundice, 483–484
metabolism, 481–482
synthesis of plasma proteins, 482
Local injury, 75–76
Local osteolytic hypercalcemia, 370
Local regulation, cardiovascular system, 563
autoregulation, 563
localized vasoconstriction, 563
vasodilator metabolites, 563
Local response, 86
Locomotor pattern generators, 249
Long QT syndrome, 214, 501
Long-term depression, 291
Long-term memory, 290, 293
Long-term potentiation, 141, 291
Loop of Henle, 640
Loudness, 209
Lou Gehrig disease.
See
Amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis
Low-density lipoproteins, 27
Lower esophageal sphincter, 471–473
Lower motor neuron lesion, 104
Lower motor neurons, 243, 244
Low-molecular-weight kininogen, 566
Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome, 501
Low-pressure system, 543
LSD.
See
Lysergic acid diethylamide
LTD.
See
Long-term depression
LTP.
See
Long-term potentiation
Lung, 590–591
air passages, 588–590
anatomy, 588–591
blood flow, 590–591
bronchi, 590
respiratory system, 588
Lung defense mechanisms, 605
Lungs, metabolic functions, 605–606
Lung volumes, 593–594
Luteal cells, 412
Luteal phase, 412
Luteinizing hormone, 279, 377
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, 280
Luteolysis, 421
LV E T.
See
Left ventricular ejection time