INDEX
703Lymph, 535
Lymphangiogenesis, 539
Lymphatic circulation, 550
interstitial fluid volume, 551–552
Lymphatics, 538, 643
Lymphedema, 552
Lymph flow, 521–554
Lymphocytes, 63, 65–66, 523
Lysergic acid diethylamide, 137
Lysin vasopressin, 277
Lysosomal storage diseases, 35
Lysosomes, 34–35
Lysylbradykinin, 566
M
M cells, 456
M-CSF.
See
Macrophage colony-stimulating
factor
Macroheterogeneity, 443
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 65
Macrophages, 63
Macula, 206
Macula densa, 641, 652, 673
Macula lutea, 182
Macular sparing, 198
Magnetic resonance imaging, 82
Magnocellular neurons, electrical activity, 278
Major histo-compatibility complex, 71
Major proglucagon fragment, 328
Male hypogonadism, 410
Male pseudohermaphroditism, 397
Male reproductive system, 402–410
abnormalities of testicular function, 410
actions, 407
anabolic effects, 408
androgen-secreting tumors, 410
blood–testis barrier, 402–403
chemistry, 406–407
control of testicular function, 409–410
cryptorchidism, 410
effect of temperature, 405
ejaculation, 406
endocrine function of testes, 406–409
erection, 405–406
gametogenesis, 402–406
inhibins, 409–410
male hypogonadism, 410
mechanism of action, 408–409
metabolism, 407
PSA, 406
secondary sex characteristics, 407–408
secretion, 407
semen, 405
spermatogenesis, 403–404
spermatozoa development, 404
steroid feedback, 410
structure, 402
testicular production of estrogens, 409
transport, 407
vasectomy, 406
Male secondary sex characteristics, 407
Malignant hyperthermia, 286
Malleus, 203
Maltase, 452
Maltose, 452
Maltotriose, 452
Mannose-binding lectin pathway, 69
Manubrium, 203
MAP-1B, 130
MAP kinase.
See
Mitogen activated protein
kinase
Marrow, bone, 522
Masking, 209
Mass action contraction, 476
Mass reflex, 250
Mast cells, 63, 65, 137
Mastication, 471
Matrix, 250
Maximal stimulus, 88
Maximal voluntary ventilation, 593
Maximum metabolic rate, 462
Mayer waves, 562
Mean pressure, 544
Mean QRS vector, 495
Measuring blood pressure, 544–545
Mechanical nociceptors, 167
Mechanoreceptors, 150
Medial brain stem pathways, 246–247
Medial geniculate body, 211
Medial lemniscal system, 173
Medial lemniscus, 153, 173
Medial temporal lobe, 292–293
Median eminence, 275, 573
Medulla, 394
Medullary chemoreceptors, 629
Medullary control of cardiovascular system,
556–558
Medullary hormones, 338–342
adrenal medulla, substances secreted by, 340
catecholamines, 338–340
dopamine, effects of, 342
norepinephrine, effects of, 340–342
Medullary reticulospinal tract, 246
Megakaryocytes, 523
Meiosis, 13
Meissner corpuscles, 150
Melanins, 379
Melanocytes, 379
Melanophores, 379
Melanopsin, 192
Melanotropin-1, 379
Melanotropins, 379
Melatonin, 238–239
Membrane permeability, 45–46
Membrane potential, 8
Membrane transport proteins, 45–46
Membranous labyrinth, 205
Memory, 289–300
Memory B cells, 70–72
Memory T cells, 70
Menarche, 398
Ménière disease, 216
Menopause, 400
Menorrhagia, 423
Menstrual cycle, 411–415
abnormalities, 422–423
anovulatory cycles, 413–414
changes in breasts, 414
changes during intercourse, 414
changes in uterine cervix, 414
effect of lactation on, 427
estrous cycle, 415
indicators of ovulation, 414–415
normal menstruation, 413
ovarian cycle, 411–412
uterine cycle, 412–413
vaginal cycle, 414
Menstruation, 411
Merkel cells, 150
Merosin, 96
Mesangial cells, 640
Mescaline, 137
Mesocortical dopaminergic neurons, 179
Mesocortical system, 140Messenger RNA, 13
Met-enkephalin, 144
Metabolic acidosis, 615–616, 684
alkalosis, 615–616
Metabolic alkalosis, 616, 684
Metabolic rate, 459–460
factors affecting, 461–462
measuring, 461
Metabolic myopathies, 98
Metabolic syndrome, 334–335
Metabolic theory of autoregulation, 563
Metabolism, 102–104, 109, 318, 459–463
Metabotropic receptors, 141
Metahypophysical diabetes, 328
Metarterioles, 537
Metathyroid diabetes, 328
Methemoglobin, 524, 621
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 137
Metrorrhagia, 423
MGluR4, 226
MHC. See Major histo-compatibility complex
Micelles, 439, 457
Microfilaments, 35–36
Microfold cells, 456
Microglia, 80
activation of, 90
Microheterogeneity, 443
Microsomes, 32
Microtubule-organizing centers, 37
Microtubules, 35
Micturition, 639–664
Midcollicular decerebration, 247
Middle ear, 203–205
Middle peduncle, 254
Mifepristone, 419
Migrating motor complex, 470–471
Milk ejection, 279
Milk ejection reflex, 279
Mineral requirements, 464
Mineralocorticoids, 337, 343, 354–356
actions, 354–355
adrenalectomy, 356
effect of adrenalectomy, 356
mechanism of action, 355
Na
+
excretion, 355–356
salt balance, 359
Minerals, absorption of, 458–459
Miniature end plate potential, 124
Miraculin, 226
Mitochondria, 34
Mitogen activated protein kinase, 52
Mitral cells, 220
Mixed nerves, properties of, 88
MMC.
See
Migrating motor complex
Modality, 152
Modiolus, 206
Molecular building blocks, 10–15
DNA, 11–13
meiosis, 13
mitosis, 13
nucleic acids, 10–11
nucleosides, 10–11
nucleotides, 10–11
replication, 13
RNA, 13–15
Molecular mimicry, 75
Molecular motors, 37
Moles, 2
Monoamines, 130, 134–138
acetylcholine, 134–135
acetylcholine receptors, 135–136
cholinesterases, 135