53 See Elizabeth M. Baeten’s paraphrase of Cassirer, in The Magic Myth’s Abiding
Power(New York: State University of New York Press, 1996), p. 82.
54 See Jonathan Culler’s use of Hugo Friedrich’s phrase, in “On the Negativity of
Modern Poetry,” p. 191.
55 Cited in Jonathan Culler, “On the Negativity of Modern Poetry,” p. 193.
56 Michel Foucault, The Foucault Reader, ed. Paul Rabinow (London: Penguin,
1984), p. 39.
57 FadwmYnqmn, A Mountainous Journey: A Poet’s Autobiography, trans., Olive
Kenny, and poetry by Naomi Shihab Nye (Saint paul, MN: Graywolf Press,
1990).
58 Ibid., p. 15.
59 Ibid. Further references to this book are in the text.
60 Cited in Harold Bloom, “The Internalization of Quest-Romance,” in
Romanticism and Consciousness, ed. Harold Bloom (New York: W. W. Norton,
1970), pp. 3–24, at p. 6.
61 See Harold Bloom, Romanticism and Consciousness, p. 5.
62 Ibid., p. 6.
63 Ibid.
64 See, for instance, Xalm.cAbd al-Xabnr, >aymtlflal-shicr, al-Dawmwln al-shicriyyah
(My Poetic Career/Collected Poems), in Al-A‘mml al-kmmilah(Cairo: Al-Hay’ah
al-cMmmah lil-Kitmb, 1993).
65 It is noticeable that every renowned Arab poet wrote on his/her poetic career, a
case that does not strictly apply to novelists. cAbd al-Wahhmb al-Baymtlwrote
on his experience, so did Xalm.‘Abd-al-Xabnr, Nmzik al-Malm’ikah, and others.
66 See Mu.ammad Bennls, “Introduction,” in Al-A‘mml al-shi’riyyah, vol. 1, p. 9.
Hereafter citations are from this introduction.
67 Toward a Speech Act Theory of Literary Discourse, p. 204.
68 Al-A‘mml al-shi’riyyah, vol. 1, p. 13. The Almoravid conquest of al-Andalus was
between 1086 and 1102. By the time their leader Ynsuf Ibn Tmshfln died on
September 2, 1106, they were in control of Morocco, al-Andalus, and Zaragoza.
Al-Mu‘tamid Ibn ‘Abbmd, was an accomplished poet and the ruler of Seville in
Muslim Spain, a descendant of an Arab tribe (d. 1091) and he was in communi-
cation with Ynsuf Ibn Tmshfln in 1086 to come to his rescue even at the expense
of his rule. “Better to pasture camels than be a swine-herd” is his famous phrase
not to give in to Alfonso VI of Leon-Castile (1072–1109). See Hugh Kennedy,
Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus(Essex: Longman,
1996), p. 162.
69 Michel Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge, p. 191.
70 The novel was very influential among the Egyptian youth. Jamml ‘Abd al-Nmxir
autographed his book Falsafat al-thawrah(The Philosophy of the Revolution) to
the writer, asking him for another return of the soul. See ‘Abd al-Ra.mmn Abn
‘Awf, Tawflq al->aklm bayn ‘Awdat al-rn.wa-‘Awdat al-wa‘l(Cairo: Quxnr
al-Thaqmfah, 1998), p. 101. Also, p. 85, on al->aklm’s view of the impact.
Al->aklm also said, “ ‘Awdat al-rn.made its point later, when ‘Abd al-Nmxir
came and told me he read the book that drew his attention to Egypt’s heritage,
its soul, and he was filled with what is in the book. In 1954, when I was purged
from office along with others, he stood on my side and said ‘this is impossible.
Al->aklm ignited our national feelings when we were young.’ He rejected that
decision.” See ed. Jamml al-Ghlymnl, Tawflq al->aklm yatadhakkar (Cairo:
Al-Majlis al-A‘lmlil-Thaqmfah, 1998), pp. 113–14.
NOTES