93 See cAbd al-Wahhmb al-Baymtl, Ya nmblcal-shams: Al-Slrah al-shicriyyah(Sun
Springs: Poetic Autobiography) (Damascus: Al-Farqad, 1999), p. 93.
94 Kmzim Jawmd’s review of al-Baymtl’s Abmrlq muhashshamah(Broken Pitchers)
appeared in Al-Mdmb, 8 (1954), pp. 33–36; and al-Sayymb’s response to Nihmd
al-Takarll’s advocacy of al-Baymtl’s pioneering poetics appeared in Al-Adlb, 12
(1953), pp. 3–9. Rnz Ghrayylb refuted Jawmd in Al-Mdmb, 8, 1954, and elaborated
on the subject in the next issue, Al-Mdmb, 9 (1954).
95 See Mu.sin Jmsim al-Mnsawl, “Marjiciyymt naqd al-shicr al-cArablal-.adlth fl
al-khamslnmt” (Critical Referents of Modern Arabic Poetry in the Fifties), Fuxnl,
15, no. 3 (Fall 1996), pp. 34–61.
96 Nmzik al-Malm’ikah, Qa,mymal-shicr al-mucmxir(Issues of Contemporary Poetry)
(1962, reprint, Beirut: Dmr al-cIlm lil-Malmyln, 1989), pp. 7–14.
97 Ibid., pp. 50–62, 293–304.
98 See cAbd al-Malik Nnrl’s reference to his joint project with al-Sayymb
against al-Jawmhirlin Mu.sin Jmsim al-Mnsawl, Nazcat al-.admthah flal-qixxah
al-cIrmqiyyah (The Modernist Trend in the Iraqi Short Story) (Baghdad:
Al-Maktabah al-cMlamiyyah, 1984), p. 55.
99 See al-Baymtl, Ya nmblc al-shams, pp. 60–61; and Muhsin J. al-Musawi,
“Dedications,” p. 27.
100 Matei Calinescu, Five Faces of Modernity, p. 48.
101 For full documentation, see Adnnls [cAllAhmad Sacld], “Al-Shicr al-cArablwa-
mushkilmt al-tajdld,” in Al-Adab al-cArablal-mucmxir(Contemporary Arabic
Literature), Proceedingsof the Rome Conference, October 1961 (n.p: A,wm’
Publications), pp. 171–91. For Jabrm’s comments in the Proceedings, see
pp. 208–10. Hereafter referred to as Proceedings.
102 Calinescu, Five Faces of Modernity, p. 84.
103 See Jabrm, “The Rebels, the Committed and the Others,” p. 192. Henceforth,
Jabrm’s name appears as in his articles in English. Citations hereafter are in the text.
104 Proceedings, pp. 192–94. Citations from this book are incorporated within the text.
105 See cAbd Allmh Ibn al-Muctazz, Kitmb al-Badlc, ed. Ignatius Kratchkovsky,
(Beirut: Dmr al-Maslrah, 3rd print, 1982).
106 See Suzanne P. Stetkevych, AbnTammmm and the Poetics of the cAbbmsid Age
(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1991), pp. 17–25; and Muhsin J. Musawi, “Arabic
Rhetoric,” in Oxford Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. Thomas O. Sloane (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 29–33.
107 Adnnls [cAllAhmad Sacld], Introduction to Arab Poetics, trans., Catherine
Cobham (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1990; Arabic text 1971,
English translation 1985), p. 81.
108 Anynn Sacmdah, Al-Xirmcal-fikrlflal-adab al-Snrl(Intellectual Conflict in Syrian
Literature) (Beirut: Party Publications, 2nd print, 1947). It is worth noticing
that a publishing house that took its name, Dmr al-Xirm‘ al-Fikrl, from the title
of Anynn Sa‘mda’s book, published Jabrm’s translation of James Frazer’s Golden
Boughin 1957.
109 See al-Mnsawl, “Marjiciyymt,” p. 49, and n. 56.
110 Nazeer El-Azma, “The TammnzlMovement and the Influence of T. S. Eliot on
Badr Shmkir al-Sayymb,” in Critical Perspectives on Modern Arabic Literature, ed.
Issa J. Boullata, pp. 215–231, at p. 217.
111 Adnnls [cAllAhmad Sacld], Al-Thmbit wa al-muta.awwil: Ba.th flal-ittibmcwa-al-
ibdmccinda al-cArab(The Immutable and the Mutable: A Study of Conformity and
Originality in Arabic Culture), 3 vols (Beirut: Dmr Al-cAwdah, 1974–1978).
NOTES