NOTES112 Stetkevych,AbnTammmm and the Poetics of the Abbmsld Age(Leiden: Brill, 1991),
p. 233.
113 Adnnls, Dlwmn al-Shicr al-cArabl.
114 See ed. and intro. Peter Brooker, Modernism and Postmodernism (London:
Longman, 1992), pp. 11–12.
115 James Frazer, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion(New York:
Penguin, 1922, reprint, 1962), pp. 392–93.
116 See Mu.ammad Jamml Barnt, “Tajribat al->admthah fl Majallat Shicr”
(Experimentation in Modernity in the Journal Shicr), Al-Kifmh al-cArabl
(Weekly) 301, April 16, 1984, pp. 50–51. See also his book, Al->admthah
al-’Nlm(The First Modernity), 2 vols issued as part of the Macrifah Quarterly
publications series (Damascus, 1985; reprinted, Dubai: UAE Writers
Publication Series, 1991).
117 Adnnls [cAllAhmad Sacld], Zaman al-shicr, p. 254.
118 Adnnls,Al-Thmbit wa- al-muta.awwil,vol. 4, p. 209.
119 Adonis, “Poetry and Apoetical Culture,” pp. 106–07.
120 Edward Said, The World, the Text and the Critic, p. 184.
121 Michel Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge (London and New York:
Routledge, 1991), pp. 4, 3 respectively.
122 Adonis, “Poetry and Apoetical Culture,” p. 107.
123 Al-Baymtl, Ya nmblcal-shams, p. 153.
124 Jabrm’s translation, in “The Rebels, the Committed and the Others,” p. 202.
125 “An Interview with al-Baymtl,” Al-Ahram Weekly(February 1999).
126 Al-Baymtl, Ya nmblcal-shams, p. 160.
127 Reuven Snir’s translation and citation from Iskandar Dmghir’s interview with
al-Baymtl(1989). See “Synchronic and Diachronic Dynamics in Modern Arabic
Literature,” in Studies in Canonical and Popular Arabic Literature, eds Shimon
Ballas and Reuven Snir (Toronto, ON: York Press, 1998), pp. 87–121, at p. 99.
128 It should be noted that Qabbmnlis not as pictured here, and we need to look on
his poetry and literary pronouncements in different light. See Boullata’s quota-
tions in Trends, pp. 45–46; and Nazeer El-Azma’s concluding quote in his
article, “The TammnzlMovement,” pp. 231–32.
129 Xalm.cAbd al-Xabnr, >aymtlflal-shicr, al-Dawmwln al-shicriyyah(My Poetic
Career/Collected Poems), in Al-A‘mml al-kmmilah(Cairo: Al-Hay’ah al-cMmmah
lil-Kitmb, 1993), p. 159. Hereafter, citations from this book are in the text.
3 POETIC STRATEGIES: THRESHOLDS FOR
CONFORMITY AND DISSENT
1 Harold Bloom, A Map of Misreading(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 80.
2 Jabra I. Jabra, “The Rebels, the Committed and the Others—Transitions in
Arabic Poetry Today,” in Critical Perspectives on Modern Arabic Literature, ed. Issa
J. Boullata (Washington, DC: Three Continents, 1980), pp. 191–205, at p. 192.
3Mu.ammad Mahdlal-Jawmhirl, “Qif bi-al-Ma‘arrati” in Dlwmn, 5 vols, eds,
Ibrmhlm al-Smmarrm’l, ‘AllJawmd al-Ymhir, and Majld Biktmsh (Baghdad:
Manshnrmt Wizmrat al-Thaqmfah wa-al-Iclmm, 1973–1975), vol. 3 (1974), p. 91.
4 See Mu.sin Jmsim al-Mnsawl, Nazcat al-.admthah(The Modernist Trend in the
Iraqi Short Story) (Baghdad: Al-Maktabah Al-‘Mlamiyyah, 1984), p. 55.
5 The reference is to the regent of Egypt, Kmfnr al-Ikhshldl, a black eunuch
servant, who secured the Ikhshldlrule after his master’s death. He was described