case statements, 328-329
ceil() function, 535
char data type, 224
char type
array of pointers, 398-400
arrays of pointers, 398
bit fields, 586
character classification functions, 809-814
character I/O, 450
character input functions, 342-349
buffered character input functions, 342
echoing, 342
fgetc() function, 346
fgets() function, 348-349
getc() function, 346
getch() function, 344-346
getchar() function, 342-344
getche() function, 346
gets() function, 347-348
line-input functions, 347
unbuffered character input functions, 342
ungetc() function, 347
character output functions, 451, 445
fputc() function, 360
putc() function, 360
putchar() function, 358-360
character sets, portable characters, 800
character variables, C++ member functions,
683
character-classification functions, 812-813
character-test macros, 507
characters, 223
arrays of, 228-229
char data type, 224
checking for letters, 809-810
converting cases, 814-815
counting, 475-477
declaring variables, 224
displaying, 235-237
extended ASCII, 226-227initializing variables, 224
reading, 237
gets() function, 237-241
scanf() function, 241-243
test functions, 506-510
variables, 225-227
checkerboard array, 180
child classes, 736-738
cin object, 660
circle class, 733
circle objects, 733
class keyword, 674
class libraries, 643
class properties, 725-727
ClassBasicsDemo.java program, 726
classes, 674
access member functions, 680-683
accessing classes within, 689
as data members, 688
base classes, 690
building, 690-692
inheriting from, 693-696
constructor/desctructor order of operation,
696-698
constructors, 684-686
data access, 675
destructors, 684-686
inheritance, 689-690
instantiation, 675
Java
BetterListOfNumbers, 738
BufferedReader, 745
child classes, 736-738
circle
definition, 733
ClassWithMethods, 728
constructors, 733-736
creating, 726-727
defining, 723-725
FileReader, 745898 case statements51 448201x-Index 8/13/02 11:23 AM Page 898