260Manānmurghamkiharshāmusaḥargāh/zibām-i‛arshmīāyadṣafīram.Iamabirdwhoseshrillcryriseseachduskanddawntidefromtheroofof
God’sthrone.ButneitherthislinenorthispoemwillhavemuchtodowithSa‛dī’smotif,other
thanthelexicaloverlap.Worseyet,wefindnotopicalcorrespondencesinthecor-
pusofḤāfiẓtovocabularylikebī-hangām,whichneveroccurs(thewordhangām
occursonlyrarely–fourtimes–andnotinparticularconnectionwiththedawn).
ThewordṭablisahapaxlegomenonforḤāfiẓ,anditssingleoccurrenceisirrelevant
toourcomparison.Evenimshaboccursrelativelyinfrequently,onlysixtimesinthe
ghazalsofḤāfiẓ,despitethiswordhavingbecomeastandardradīfintheworksof
otherpoetsbythistime,tosuchanextentthatitalmostconstitutesasub-genre
ofthe ghazalallbyitself.Althoughthewordimshabdoesnaturally–here,in
morethanonesenseoftheword‘naturally’–collocatewiththeideaofdawnand
itsassociatedmotifsforḤāfiẓ,theoccurrencesdonotseemparticularlyrelevantto
theAlbanotionofthelover’sparting,asitoccursinSa‛dī’sexample.Thefollowing
linecanbeseenastypicalofḤāfiẓ’susageof‘tonight’:
Ayṣabāimshabammadadfarmāy/kisaḥargāhshikuftanamhavasast.(43:5)Morningbreeze,cometomyaidtonight/forIcraveblossomingatdawn.However,atleastoneoftheimshablinesdoesindeedalludetothecontra-Alba
theme,but,asIhopetoshowbelow,thereleasefromsufferingthatcomesatdawn
doesnotnecessarilyhavetobeassociatedwiththeAlba,thecontra-Albaoreven
withlove:
Bas-amḥikāyat-idilhastbānasīm-isaḥar
valībibakht-imanimshabsaḥarnimīāyad.It’senoughformetotellmyheart’staletothebreezeatdawn
Butwithmyillfortune,nodawnwillcometonight.IfḤāfiẓwasnotmindfulofthispoembySa‛dī,whatofthosetwoAlbapoemsof
Sanā’ī?Thefirstbegan‘Lastnightmylife’sfantasieswereallfulfilled’(Mannaṣīb-i
khwīshdūshaz‛umr-ikhwudbardāshtam),whichradīfḤāfiẓdoesnotemploy,norany
ofitsconjugantvariantsinthepasttense(dāshtīm,dāshtī,dāsht),andwhichrhyme
hedoesnotuseinitssimpleformwithoutarefrain.Ihavenotlookedtoseeevery-
wheretherhyme–armayoccurincombinationwithanotherradīf,butonekey
wordfromthispoem,bastar,doesnotappearinthelexiconofḤāfiẓatall.Theword
chanbaroccursonlytwiceinḤāfiẓ,andthatnotquiteinthemotifofthelovers’
tryst.However,recallingSanā’ī’sexample‘Herarmsandmyarmsencircledcircled
ḤāfiẓandtheReligionofLoveinClassicalPersianPoetry