- Nate Dorward, “On Raworth’s Sonnets,” Chicago Review 47, no. 1 (spring
2001): 17–35, see 18, 21. - Tom Raworth, Collected Poems (Manchester, Eng.: Carcanet Press, 2003), 37.
- Philip Larkin, “Home Is So Sad” (1958), Collected Poems, ed. Anthony Thwaite
(New York: Farrar Straus, 1989), 119. - Microsoft Word Dictionary, Software for Microsoft Word. MAC OS9.2.
- Ace was originally published by Trigram Press, London, in 1973, with illustra-
tions by Barry Hall. It is now available from Edge Books, Washington, D.C. (2001).
Ace is reproduced in Tom Raworth, Collected Poems, 201–22. - See Marcel Duchamp, Notes, bilingual edition, presented and trans. Paul Ma-
tisse (Paris: Musée National d’Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, 1980); rpt.
Boston: G. K. Hall, 1983, unpaginated, but each example is numbered. - See Marjorie Perloff, Twenty-¤rst-Century Modernism: The New Poetics (Ox-
ford, UK: Blackwell, 2002), 114–16. - Gilles Deleuze, Difference and Repetition, trans. Paul Patton (1968; New York:
Columbia University Press, 1994), xx–xxi. My emphasis. - Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, 3rd edition, trans. G. E. M.
Anscombe (New York: Macmillan, 1958). Where applicable, numbers are those of
propositions, not pages. - Jennifer Ashton, “Modernism’s ‘New’ Literalism” (review essay), Modernism/
Modernity 10, no. 2 (April 2003): 387–88, 384. Along with the Language poets, my book
Twenty-¤rst-Century Modernism is one of Ashton’s targets, indeed the occasion for
her polemic. - Donald Allen and George F. Butterick, eds., The Postmoderns: The New Ameri-
can Poetry Revised (New York: Grove Press, 1982). By 1982 Language poetry was al-
ready on the scene, but The Postmoderns does not yet recognize their presence, focus-
ing on the poets of Allen’s famous New American Poetry, 1945–1960 (1960), with the
addition of such of their heirs as Anne Waldman, Joanne Kyger, and Ed Sanders. - Jacques Roubaud, “Poésie et pensée: quelques remarques,” Poésie 92 (April
2002): 49. - Oulipo is the acronym for the Ouvroir de littérature potentielle, the Work-
shop for Potential Literature, founded in Paris in 1960. - Susan Howe, The Midnight (New York: New Directions, 2003), 49.
Chapter 1
- Robert Weisbuch, “Six Proposals to Revive the Humanities,” Chronicle of
Higher Education, 26 March 1999, B4–5. - In a follow-up article in the Chronicle of Higher Education, Weisbuch outlines
more fully his plan for “aggressively promulgating the value of what we do in [the
humanities].” The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation’s new project,
“Unleashing the Humanities: The Doctorate Beyond the Academy,” with a budget of
about one hundred thousand dollars, will award grants to academic departments that
“encourage students to interact with the world as part of their graduate training.” A
270 Notes to Pages xx–2