Irdex^Conformation—continued
of 1,2,3,4-tetrabromoethane, 5
Conjugate
acids, 38
bases, 38
Conjugation, 7,16,149,154
Conjugative effect, 16
Cracking of petroleum, 89,236
Cyanoethylation, 153
Cyanohydrin, formation, 163
Cyclopropanes, isomerisation, 259
Curtius reaction, 93
Denomination,
1,2-dibromicl
with I©, 206
with Zn, 205
Decarboxylation, 228
Dehydration of alcohols, acid-cata
lysed, 80
Delocalisation, 8
conditions for, 11
energy of benzene, 11
energy of conjugated dienes, 11
steric inhibition of, 21, 54,134
Diazoamino compounds, 114
Diazo coupling, 25,112
Diazohydroxides, 113, 255
Diazomethane, decomposition, 236,
258
Diazo salts, 112
decomposition, 75, 82, 85, 113
reaction with aromatic species, 112,
256
reaction with cuprous chloride, 255
Diazotisation, 75,114
Dieckmann reaction, 156,178,190
Diels-Alder reaction, 151
stereochemistry, 152
Dienes, conjugated, 7,11,12,149
Dienophiles, 152. Diethyl malonate, acidity, 211
j3-Diketones, base-catalysed fission, 179
Dimedone, 156
Diphenyl disulphide, dissociation, 234
Diphenylpicrylhgfcazyl, 234
Diradjfc, 169, V, 254, 258
Electrophilic addition to C=C bond,
137-152
bromine, 137
carbonium ions in, 138, 141, 142,
143,144,149,151
hydrogen halide, 141,150
hypochlorous acid, 143
orientation, 141
osmium tetroxide, 145
ozone, 147
peracids, 146
•n complexes in, 138
rate, 140
stereochemistry, 139
water, 143
Electrophilic addition to conjugated
dienes, 149
1,2-addition, 150
1,4-addition, 150
chlorine, 150
hydrogen halide, 150
Electrophilic reagents (electrophiles),
26
Electrophilic substitution, aromatic,
10,101-130
aniline, 124
chlorobenzene, 123
competition between substituents,
126
conditions of reaction, 124
effect of substituent already present,
116 « ^
electron availaljility in, 19,117 •
inductive effect in, 116 •
mesomeric effect in 117
naphthalene, 127
ortho/pararatios, 125
ir complexes, 101
position of substitution, 119, 126,
127,130
pyridine, 129
pyrrole, 129
relative ease of, 117,126,128,129
a complexes, 102
styrene, 122
transition states, 120,121
v. addition, 10,102
a-Elimination, 206
chloroform, 206
2,2-diphenylvinyl bromide, 207
^-Elimination, 189
alcohols, 189,192
aldoxime acetates, 37,190, 195
alkyl halides, 190, 191, 192, 194,
196
alkylonium salts, 196
benzene hexachloride, 194
t-butyl bromide, 191
carbanions in, 193, 203
carbonium ions in, 191