BLBS102-c26 BLBS102-Simpson March 21, 2012 13:51 Trim: 276mm X 219mm Printer Name: Yet to Come
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Equid Milk: Chemistry, Biochemistry
and Processing
T. Uniacke-Lowe and P.F. Fox
Introduction
Equid Evolution
Equid Domestication
Ruminants and Non-Ruminants
Why Equid Milk in Human Nutrition?
Production of Equid Milk
Composition of Equid Milk
Factors that Affect the Composition
of Equid Milk
Stage of Lactation
Effect of Equid Breed on Milk Composition
Proteins
Caseins
αS1-Casein
αS2-Casein
β-Casein
κ-Casein
Glycosylation ofκ-Casein
Hydrolysis ofκ-Casein
Equid Casein Micelles
Stability of Equid Casein Micelles
Enzymatic Coagulation of Equid Milk
Acid-induced Coagulation of Equid Milk
Heat-induced Coagulation of Equine Milk
Stability of Equine Milk to Ethanol
Whey Proteins
β-Lactoglobulin
α-Lactalbumin
Immunoglobulins
Lactoferrin
Whey Protein Denaturation
Digestibility of Equid Milk
Total Amino Acids
Non-protein nitrogen
Free Amino Acids
Bioactive Peptides
Hormones and Growth Factors
Amyloid AIndigenous Enzymes
Lysozyme
Other Indigenous Enzymes in Equine Milk
Carbohydrates
Lactose and Glucose
Oligosaccharides
Lipids
Fatty Acids in Equid Milks
Structure of Triglycerides
Equid Milk Fat Globules and MFGM
Rheology Equid Milk Fat
Stability of Equine Milk Fat
Vitamins
Minerals
Macro-Elements
Trace Elements
Physical Properties of Equid Milk
Density
Refractive Index
pH
Freezing Point
Viscosity
Colour
Processing of Equid Milk
Koumiss
Other Products from Equid Milk
Nutritional and Biomedical Properties of Equid Milk
Cow Milk Protein Allergy
Cross-Reactivity of Milk Proteins
Summary
ReferencesAbstract:The characteristics of equid milk of interest in human
nutrition include a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids,
a low cholesterol content, high lactose and low protein levels, as
well as high levels of vitamins A, B and C. Compared to bovine
milk, the protein fraction of equid milk contains proportionally lessFood Biochemistry and Food Processing, Second Edition. Edited by Benjamin K. Simpson, Leo M.L. Nollet, Fidel Toldr ́a, Soottawat Benjakul, Gopinadhan Paliyath and Y.H. Hui.
©C2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.491