Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

6.Which of the following is the liquid

constituent of blood?

a.Intracellular fluid

b.Extracellular fluid

c.Interstitial fluid

d.Intravascular fluid

7.The body eliminates excess sodium through

which of the following organs?

a.Kidneys

b.Bowels

c.Skin

d.Heart

8.Which of the following food items is a

leading source of potassium?

a.Canned vegetables

b.Cheese

c.Bread

d.Bananas

9.Which of the following is the most abundant

electrolyte in the body?

a.Sodium

b.Calcium

c.Potassium

d.Magnesium

10.“Pumping uphill” would describe which of

the following means of transporting materials

to and from intracellular compartments?

a.Osmosis

b.Diffusion

c.Filtration

d.Active transport

11.When determining a site for an IV infusion,

the nurse should consider which of the

following guidelines?

a.Scalp veins should be selected for infants

because of their accessibility.

b.Antecubital veins should be used for long-

term infusions.

c.Veins in the leg should be used to keep the

arms free for the patient’s use.

d.Veins in surgical areas should be used to

increase the potency of medication.

12.Individuals with which of the following blood

types are often called universal donors?

a.Type A

b.Type O

c.Type B

d.Type AB

13.A nurse who has diagnosed a patient as hav-

ing “fluid volume excess” related to compro-

mised regulatory mechanism (kidneys) may

have been alerted by which of the following

symptoms?

a.Muscle twitching

b.Distended neck veins

c.Fingerprinting over sternum

d.Nausea and vomiting

ALTERNATE-FORMAT QUESTIONS

Multiple Response Questions

Circle the letters that correspond to the best

answers for each question.

1.Which of the following accurately reflect the

role of water in the human body? (Select all

that apply.)

a.A person can live for many days without

water.

b.Water provides a medium for transporting

wastes to cells for elimination.

c.Water facilitates cellular metabolism and

proper chemical functioning.

d.Water acts as a solvent for electrolytes and

nonelectrolytes.

e.The desirable amount of fluid intake and

loss in the normal adult averages about

1,000 mL per day.

f.Water helps maintain normal body

temperature.

2.Which of the following are proper actions for

preparing an IV solution and tubing when

starting an IV infusion? (Select all that apply.)

a.Maintain aseptic technique when opening

sterile packages and IV solution.

b.Clamp tubing, uncap spike, and insert

into entry site on bag as manufacturer

directs.

c.Squeeze drip chamber and allow it to fill

one-fourth full.

d.Remove cap at end of tubing, release clamp,

and allow fluid to move through tubing.

e.Allow fluid to flow and cap at end of tubing

before all air bubbles have disappeared.

CHAPTER 40 FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID–BASE BALANCE 273

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