Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

11. It is important in the buffering system
    that is activated by the exchange of oxy-
    gen and carbon dioxide between body
    tissues and red blood cells.


12. It is found primarily within cells and is
    associated with intracellular protein.


13. It is essential for acid–base balance and,
    in combination with carbonic acid,
    constitutes the body’s primary buffer
    system.


14. It participates in many important chemi-
    cal reactions in the body; for example, it
    is necessary for many B vitamins to be
    effective and plays a role in carbohydrate
    metabolism.


15. It is essential for the production of
    hydrochloric acid in gastric cells.
    Match the equations in Part B with the type of
    imbalance listed in Part A.
    PART A
    a.Respiratory acidosis
    b.Metabolic acidosis
    c.Respiratory alkalosis
    d.Metabolic alkalosis
    PART B


16. Low pH, normal PaCO 2 , low HCO 3


17. Low pH, high PaCO 2 , normal HCO 3


18. High pH, normal PaCO 2 , high HCO 3


19. High pH, low PaCO 2 , normal HCO 3
    Match the term in Part A with its definition
    listed in Part B.
    PART A
    a.Ion
    b.Electrolyte
    c.Cation
    d.Anion
    e.Solvents
    f.Solutes
    g.Osmolarity
    h.Filtration
    i.Oncotic pressure
    j.Hydrostatic pressure
    k.Diffusion
    l.Active transport

m.Filtration pressure

n.Buffer

o.Intravascular fluid

p.Interstitial fluid

PART B

20. Ions that develop a positive charge


21. Substances that are dissolved in a
    solution


22. Fluid that surrounds tissue cells, includ-
    ing lymph


23. Measured in terms of their chemical
    combining power, or chemical activity


24. The liquid constituent of blood


25. A process that requires energy for the
    movement of substances through a
    cell membrane from an area of lesser
    concentration to an area of higher
    concentration


26. The passage of a fluid through a
    permeable membrane


27. An atom or molecule carrying an
    electric charge


28. An ion with a negative charge


29. Liquids that hold a substance in solution


30. A force exerted by a fluid against the
    container wall


31. The difference between colloid osmotic
    pressure and blood hydrostatic pressure


32. A substance that prevents body fluids
    from becoming overly acidic or alkaline


33. The concentration of particles in a solu-
    tion, or its pulling power


34. The tendency of solutes to move freely
    throughout a solvent

CORRECT THE FALSE STATEMENTS

Circle the word “true” or “false” that follows

the statement. If you circled “false,” change the

underlined word or words to make the statement

true. Place your answer in the space provided.

1.The human body is composed of 50% to 60%

water by weight.

True False

278 UNIT VII PROMOTING HEALTHY PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES

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