Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

24 UNIT I FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:

f.Madeline Leininger: Caring is the central

theme of nursing care, nursing knowledge,

and nursing practice.

6.Which of the following are key points in the

general systems theory? (Select all that apply.)

a.A system is a set of separate and distinct

elements.

b.The whole system is always greater than the

sum of its parts.

c.Systems are hierarchical in nature and are

composed of interrelated subsystems that

work together to effect change.

d.Systems are not separated from each other

by boundaries.

e.A system communicates with and reacts to

its environment through input and output.

f.A closed system allows input from or output

to the environment.

DEVELOPING YOUR

KNOWLEDGE BASE

FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS

1. research involves the concepts of
   basic and applied research.


2. are abstract impressions
   organized into symbols of reality.
   3.The theory describes the process
   by which living matter adjusts to other living
   things and to environmental conditions.


3. is the patient’s right to agree
   knowledgeably, to participate in a study without
   coercion, or to refuse to participate without
   jeopardizing the care he/she will receive.


4. is nursing care provided that is
   supported by reliable research-based evidence.

MATCHING EXERCISES

Match the term in Part A with the correct

definition listed in Part B.

PART A

a.Adaptation theory

b.General systems theory

c.Philosophy

d.Concept

e.Theory

f.Process

g.Developmental theory

h.Nursing theory

i.System

j.Knowledge system

PART B

1. The action phase of a conceptual
   framework; a series of actions, changes, or
   functions that bring about a desired goal


2. The study of wisdom, fundamental knowl-
   edge, and the processes used to develop
   and construct our perceptions of life


3. A set of interacting elements, all serving
   the common purpose of contributing an
   overall goal


4. Differentiates nursing from other
   disciplines and activities in that it serves
   the purposes of describing, explaining,
   predicting, and controlling desired
   outcomes of nursing care practices


5. Abstract impressions from the
   environment organized into symbols of
   reality; describes objects, properties, and
   events and the relationships among them


6. A statement that explains or characterizes
   an action, occurrence, or event that is
   based on observed facts but lacks absolute
   or direct proof


7. Emphasizes relationships between the
   whole and the parts and describes how
   parts function and behave


8. Defines a continuously occurring process
   that effects change and involves interac-
   tion and response


9. Outlines human growth as a predictable
   and orderly process beginning with con-
   ception and ending with death

SHORT ANSWER

1.Nursing theories are often based on, and influ-

enced by, other broadly applicable processes

and theories. Briefly describe the ideas and

principles of the following theories that are

basic to many nursing concepts.

a.General systems theory:

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