DEVELOPING YOUR KNOWLEDGE BASE
FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS
1.Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
2.Embryonic
3.Apgar rating scale
4.Bonding
5.Failure to thrive (FTT)
6.Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
7.Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST)
MATCHING EXERCISES
1.f 2.d 3.d 4.f 5.a
6.c 7.b 8.e
SHORT ANSWER
1.Age group—Physiologic characteristics and behaviors
P—Motor abilities include skipping, throwing and
catching, copying figures, and printing letters and
numbers.
A—Puberty begins.
I—Brain grows to about half the adult size
N—Reflexes include sucking, swallowing, blinking,
sneezing, and yawning
N—Temperature control responds quickly to
environmental temperatures
T—Walks forward and backward, runs, kicks, climbs,
and rides tricycle
T—Drinks from a cup and uses a spoon
A—Sebaceous and axillary sweat glands become active
S—Height increases 2 to 3 inches, weight increases
3 to 6 lbs a year
A—The feet, hands, and long bones grow rapidly;
muscle mass increases.
N—Alert to environment, sees color and form,
hears and turns to sound
I—Birth weight usually triples.
P—Full set of 20 deciduous teeth; baby teeth fall
out and are replaced.
P—Body is less chubby and becomes leaner and
more coordinated.
A—Primary and secondary development occurs
with maturation of genitals.
T—Typically four times the birth weight and 23 to
37 inches in height
I—Body temperature stabilizes.
P—Average weight is 45 lbs.
S—Brain reaches 90% to 95% of adult size; nervous
system almost mature.
P—Head is close to adult size.
I—Motor abilities develop, allowing feeding self,
crawling, and walking.
N—Can smell and taste and is sensitive to touch
and pain
N—Begins to eliminate stool and urine
I—Deciduous teeth begin to erupt.
S—All permanent teeth present except for second
and third molars
T—Attains bladder control during the day and
sometimes during the nightS—Holds a pencil and eventually writes in script
and sentences
A—Full adult size is reached.
N—Drinks breast milk, glucose water, and plain water
I—Eyes begin to focus and fixate.
T—Turns pages in a book and by age 3 draws stick
people
I—Heart doubles in weight, heart rate slows, blood
pressure rises.
T—Rapid brain growth; increase in length of long
bones of the arms and legs.
T—Uses fingers to pick up small objects
S—Sexual organs grow but are dormant until late
in this period.
2.Age group—Psychosocial characteristics and
behaviors
I—Is in oral stage (Freud); strives for immediate
gratification of needs; strong sucking need.
S—Developmental task of learning appropriate sex’s
social role
A—In Freud’s genital stage, libido reemerges in
mature form.
T—Is in anal stage (Freud); focus on pleasure of
sphincter control
A—Self-concept is being stabilized, with peer group
as greatest influence.
I—Develops trust (Erikson) if caregiver is
dependable to meet needs
S—Achieves personal independence; develops con-
science, morality, and scale of values
A—Tries out different roles, personal choices, and
beliefs (identity versus role confusion)
I—Meets developmental tasks (Havighurst) by
learning to eat, walk, and talk
S—Develops skill in reading, writing, and calculat-
ing, as well as concepts for everyday living
A—More mature relationships with both males and
females of same age
T—Enters Erikson’s stage of autonomy versus shame
and doubt
P—Is in Erikson’s stage of initiative versus guilt
A—Inner turmoil/examination of propriety of
actions by rigid conscience
P—Getting ready to read and learning to
distinguish right from wrong
A—One’s personal appearance accepted; set of val-
ues internalized
S—Freud’s latency stage—strong identification with
own sex
T—Developmental tasks of learning to control elim-
ination; begins to learn sex differences, concepts,
learn language, learn right from wrong
P—Focus on learning useful skills with an emphasis
on doing, succeeding, and accomplishing
P—Developmental tasks of describing social and
physical reality through concept formation and
language development
P—Is in phallic stage (Freud) with biologic focus on
genitals
A—Superego and conscience begin to developCopyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:ANSWER KEY 355
LWBK696-Ans_p327-424.qxd 9/4/10 3:09 AM Page 355 Aptara Inc.