INDEXpatterns of population density 13–15
South Asian co-operation 330–2
see also provincial
Regulating Acts 225–7
religion
in early middle ages 130–43
movements 5–6
‘Mutiny’ and 237
tolerance 88–9, 190
see also Buddhism; gods; Hinduism;
Islam; Jainism; Shaivism
rent see land revenue
reorganisation of states under republic 300–2
republic 294–332; see also external affairs;
internal affairs
‘responsible government’ under British
254–5
revenue see taxation
revolutionaries, national 260–3, 271
Ricardo, David 230, 234, 244
rice see grain
rights, fundamental 296
Rigveda (text) 31–9, 43, 46, 57, 177
Ripon, Lord (viceroy) 239, 248, 260
Risley, H.H. 253–4
ritual sovereignty of king in early middle
ages 5, 128–30
rock edicts see inscriptions
Rohillas (clan) 218, 220
Rojdi (prehistoric site) 3
Romans 56, 69–72, 78, 80–1, 85, 87, 90
coins 10, 75–9, 102
and South India in time of ancient
empires 99–102
Roosevelt, F.D. 279–80, 328
Round Table Conference 256, 273–6, 283
Rowlatt, Justice and Acts 264–6
Roy, B.C. 270
Roy, M.N. 300
Roy, Raja Ram Mohan 235
‘royal’ gods 130, 136–8
RSS Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh
(association) 270, 300, 312
Rudradaman (king of Shakas) 78–9, 81
Rudrasena I & II (kings of Vakatakas) 85
Rudrasimha III (king of Shakas) 85
ruler, trading company as see Company
Bahadur; see also kings
Rupar (prehistoric site) 18
ryotwari system 245–7
SAARC (South Asian Association for
Regional Co-operation) 330–2
Sabaras (tribe) 110
sacrifices 110, 132, 134–6, 138, 145
in early civilisations 39–40, 42–3, 46, 48, 68
great horse 4–5, 42, 68, 82, 84, 97, 113, 125
Sadanira see Gandak 4
Sadashiv Rao (general) 215
Sadashiva (ruler of Vijayanagar) 179
Sai Wang see Shakas
Saketa 50
Sakhyas (tribe) 53–4
salaries
of East India Company workers 204, 231
for royal officials 61, 86, 122, 128, 169,
189, 217
Salazar 323
Salbei, treaty of 219–20
Salim (son of Akbar) see Jahangir
salt trade and tax 41, 94, 174, 250–1, 272
march 271–2
samantas (tributary princes) 84, 116–24,
127–30; gods and 136–8
Samapa 65
Samarkand 184, 187–8, 192
Samatata 83
Samaveda (text) 34
Sambandar (saint) 132
Sambhaji (son of Shivaji) 194
samgrama 38–9
samsara, concept of 46, 131
Samudragupta (king of Guptas) 79, 81–5,
87, 104; inscriptions 98, 121, 124
Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti 301
Sanchi 66, 68, 77, 81
Sangam period 93–4, 98–9, 101–3, 135
Sangama 176
Sangamas (dynasty) 176, 178
Sangha 5, 53, 115, 147
Sankhya philosophical system 131
Sanskrit
classical culture 81
language 32, 78, 85, 92, 103, 142
literature 87–8, 104, 114, 141–2
Sanskritisation 92, 134–5, 137
Sarnath 76
art 81, 148
Buddha’s first sermon at 53
Sarvajanik Sabha (association) 259
Sassanids (dynasty) 79
Sastri, N.K.A. see Nilakanta Sastri, K.A.
Satakarni I (king of Satavahanas) 95–6
satyagraha, individual 278
Satyaputras (people) 63
Saurashtra 72–4, 78, 119, 153
Sayana (Hindu monk) 177
Sayyids (dynasty) 167
Schlingloff, D. 59
Scindia (general) 196, 219, 222
Scottish Churches College 235
scripts 17, 32, 45, 51, 98, 148, 167, 244, 259
sculpture 21
in ancient empires 81, 88
in early middle ages 113, 130, 148–9
see also art; inscriptions