INDEXScythians (people) 72, 146
seapower, European 197–203
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty
Organisation) 320
Sebastian (king of Portugal) 201
Secretary of State for India 226, 239, 253
Seleukids (dynasty) 62, 69
Seleukos Nikator (king) 8, 59, 62, 69
Selim I (Ottoman sultan) 184
Senas (dynasty) 106, 112
Seringapatam 221
Servants of India Society 265
Seven Years’ War 213–17
Shah Abbas (king of Persia) 191, 201
Shah Alam (Mughal emperor) 215, 220
Shah Ismail (Safavid king of Persia) 184
Shah Jahan (Mughal emperor) 158, 191–3
Shahanu Shahi (king of Shakas) 73, 79, 83
Shahbazgarhi 66
Shahi dynasty see Hindu Shahis
Shahji Bhonsle (military commander) 193
Shahpur I (Sassanid king of Persia) 79
Shahu (king of Satara) 196
Shailodbhavas (dynasty) 124–5
Shaivism 132, 140–1, 150
Shaka era of 78 AD 73, 77
Shaka-Kshatrapas (dynasty)
Shakas (people) 5, 71–2, 74–5, 78, 80, 83,
96
Guptas and 84–7
invasion of 72–4
Shakuntala (play) 87
Shalankayanas (dynasty) 98
Shankara (philosopher) 131–2, 138–40, 177
Shankaracharyas (priests) 131, 176–7
Sharala Das (poet) 142
Sharma, G.R. 51
Sharma, Shankar Dayal 316
Shashanka (king of Bengal) 104–6, 121
Shastri, Lal Bahadur 302, 323–5, 328
Shastri, N.K.A. see Nilakanta Sastri, K.A.
Shatapatha Brahmana (text) 48
Shatavahanas, Andhra (dynasty) 5, 69, 78–9,
85, 94–8, 106
Shaulikas (tribe) 126
Shekkilar (poet) 147
Sher Shah (Afghan ruler) 167, 186–7, 189,
195
Shilappatikaram (poem) 98
Shin Arahan (Buddhist monk) 150
shipping 202, 204–5, 225
steam 248 see also East India Companies
Shishunaga (king of Magadha) 56
Shiv Sena 315
Shiva (god) 75, 80, 88, 129, 131, 154
Bhakti and 132–4, 136
cult of 139–41
dancing 113–14, 134–56
lingam of 134–5, 141, 154
Shivaji (ruler of Marathas)
Shortugai (prehistoric settlement) 3, 18
Shri Gupta (founder of Gupta dynasty) 81
Shri Vaishnavism 139
Shringeri, Shankaracharya of 131
Shrivijaya empire 113, 115–67, 147–8
Shuja-ud-Daula (nawab of Oudh) 215–16,
218
Shulkis (people) 126–7
Shungas (dynasty) 68–71, 81
Sialkot, battle of 324
Siam 116, 147–8
Sidis 208
Sikander (Islamic version of Alexander) 57,
159
Sikander (sultan of Delhi and Gwalior)
167–8
Sikander Hyat Khan, Sir 284–5
Sikander-Jinnah Pact 284
Sikhs (people) 222
and British 238, 249–50, 292
Mughal empire and 195, 220, 222
in republic 308–10
silk trade 101, 232; see also textiles
silver trade 17, 40, 93, 162, 166, 190, 197,
207, 209, 223
Simhala 83, 108
Simhavishnu (king of Pallavas) 114
Simla 327; Conference and partition 286–8
Simon Commission 255–6, 287
Sindh 53, 106, 109, 153, 166–7, 186, 246,
283
Sindhi language 247
Singh, Charan 305–7
Singh, Manmohan 314
Singh, V.P. 310, 313, 316
Singh, Zail 309
Singh Deo, R.N. 111
Siraj-ud-Daula (ruler of Bengal) 213,
215–16, 218
Sitaramayya, Pattabhi (politician) 278
Skanda (god) 88
Skandagupta (king of Guptas) 85, 89–90
Skandagupta (royal officer) 121
Skandapurana (text) 138
Skylax (Greek explorer) 53
slaves: Islamic soldiers 155–6
Smuts, Jan (general) 265
social differentiation
and Aryan settlement 40–3
in ancient empires 59–60, 92, 94
see also caste system
Socialist Party 299; see also Congress
Socialist Party
Solankis (clan) 111
Solomon (king of Israel) 93
soma 37