European Union 2Community) law 4±5,
7±9, 14
clinical research 257, 263, 265, 269
euthanasia 11, 14, 218±22
seealsowithdrawing treatment
evidence-basedmedicine,values242,244±5
Existing Liability Scheme 2ELS) 64
experience, lack of 133±4
fallibilism 213±14
families, critically ill children 195±6, 197,
198±200, 201, 202
fathers, parental responsibility 195±6, 197,
199
fetuses
and clinical research 267±8
ethical duty of care to 95±6
maternal conflict 105±11, 203, 216±17
fraud, in clinical research 264
freedom of movement 7
freedom of religion 104
future loss, damages estimation 85
General Medical Council 2GMC) 35±7, 42
disciplinary issues 55
express consent 100±101
public disclosure of information 147
reporting incompetence 249
Gillick competence 168, 200, 201
`good' nurses 28±9
government, judicial review 6, 12
government policy 61±2
complaints 50, 54, 56, 59
consent 102, 115±16, 118, 170±72, 204,
205, 206
key reforms 68±71
seealsoclinical governance
legal dimensions 62±70
MHA reforms 180±81, 190±92
patient empowerment 61, 70±71
professional regulation reform 31, 36,
37±9, 43±6
reform principles 68
Griffiths Report 258, 259, 262, 263, 264,
271
Guidelines for Professional Practice 79±80,
116, 144, 256
habitual ethics 20
harm
ethical perspective 90, 91, 92, 96±7
nonmaleficence principle 25, 91, 155,
279, 284
heads of claim, negligence 83±6
Health Authorities
government reforms 68±9
vicarious liability 75±6, 139±42
health care ethics principles 25±6
nursing research 279, 280, 284
resource allocation problems 155±6
health litigationseelitigation
health nursing, ethical shift 20
health promotion, nursing ethics 21
Health Service Commissioner 53±4, 56
health visitors, regulationseeUnited
Kingdom Central Council for
Nursing, Midwifery and Health
Visiting
Helsinki declarationseeDeclaration of
Helsinki
HIV patients
clinical research 268
consent to blood tests 100±101
hormone implantation 166, 167
human rights 5±6
clinical research 254, 266
confidentiality 144
consent 99, 104, 118
critically ill patients 194, 201±2, 204
information disclosure 115
pregnant women 108
critically ill patients 194
advance directives 205±6
children 195, 197, 199, 200
incapacitated adults 204, 207
persistent vegetative state 207
teenagers 201±2
detaining patients 5, 180
and lack of resources 139, 195
human tissue, research 260±61incapacity to consent 2adults) 101±3,
105±8, 118, 169±72, 187±8
clinical research 265±6, 284
critical illness 204±8, 214±16
underMHAseeconsenttotreatment,legal
perspective, MHA
independent health care sector
complaints 54±5
vicarious liability 75±6
industrial illness 16
inexperienced staff 133±4Index 299