P1: PSB Printer: Yet To Come
9780521704632ind CUFX213A/Peck 9780521618168 December 29, 2007 17:19
363 Indexbenzyl group, 93
benzylpenicillin, 313 –314
beta blockersseeβ-adrenoceptor antagonists
betamethasone, 353
bicarbonate,304t
composition,302t
see alsosodium bicarbonate
bi-exponential decline,70f
biguanides, 350
biliary excretion, 21
bioavailability
area under the curve,9f
extraction ratio, 10 –11
factors influencing,9–10
oral administration,9–11
bioavailable fraction (FB), 10
bioterrorism, 320 –321
birth, distribution of drugs, 16 –17
blood–brain barrier
active transport, 3
anticholinergics crossing, 287
drug distribution, 15
mannitol crossing, 309
tight junctions, 1
blood:gas partition coefficient, inhaled
anaesthetics, 116 –117
body fluid compartments, 298
Bowman’s principle, 5
bradyarrhythmias, 229
bradykinin, raised levels, 24
brain
local anaesthetic penetration, 167
see alsoblood–brain barrier
Bristol model of TIVA, 81 –82
bronchial airways, 13
bronchodilators, nebulized, 13
bumetanide, 307 –308
bupivacaine,170t, 171t
cardiac effects, 166 –167
enantiopure preparations, 49
epidural analgesia, 16
intravenous regional anaesthesia, 168
ionization, 6
racemic, 48
buprenorphine, 33 , 149
butyrophenones, 285 –286calcium
interaction with sodium bicarbonate, 40
salts, 216
calcium ion channel(s)
cardiac action potential, 228
insulin release, 347
L-type, 252 –255
verapamil effects, 234calcium ion channel antagonists, 252 –255
cardiovascular effects,255t
classification,253t
pharmacological properties,254t
cannabinoids, 291
captopril, 24 , 42, 260–261
effects, 260 –261
kinetics, 261
mechanism of action, 260
presentation, 260
carbamazepine, 280
carbamyl group, 93
carbapenems, 317
carbimazole, 357
α-carbon, 86 –88
carbon dioxide,132t, 134t
absorbents,134t
carriage by bicarbonate,304t
carbon-based compounds, 85
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 310
carboxylic acid group, 93
cardiac action potential, 228
phases, 228
cardiac arrhythmias, 229
suxamethonium effects, 181
see alsoanti-arrhythmics; supraventricular
tachyarrhythmias; tachyarrhythmias;
ventricular tachyarrhythmias
cardiac output
drugs decreasing, 41
inhaled anaesthetics, 116
catechol group, 93
catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT),
87 –88
adrenaline metabolism, 203
adrenergic neurone blockade, 263
dopamine kinetics, 205
isoprenaline metabolism, 208
catecholamines, 87 –88
naturally occurring, 199 –205
synthesis,200f
cefotaxime, 315 –316
use during CVVHDF, 316
ceftazidime, 315 –316
use during CVVHDF, 316
ceftriaxone, 315 –316
use during CVVHDF, 316
cefuroxime, 315 –316
use during CVVHDF, 316
celecoxib, 160 –161
cell membrane
active transport,4f
drug passage,1–7
methods of crossing,1–4
structure,1, 2f