XOTES, BOOX 117. 4. I57
here takes advantage. Plat0 means by the dvaymmrin) wdXts, the
bzrest idea of a state’ or ‘ the state in its loivest terms.’ But
\\.],en Aristotle says judges are ‘more necessary’ than the pro-
viders of the means of life, he means ‘contribute more to the
end or highest realization of the state.’ The remarks on Plato
arc worihless, yet they afford a curious example of the weakness
of ancient criticism, arising, as in many other places, from want of
imagination. But apart from the criticism the distinction here
dra\vn between the higher and lower parts, the ‘ soul ’ and ‘ body ’
of the state, is important. Cp. vii. 9. $ IO, where Aristotle intro-
duces a similar distinction between the pipa of the lrdhts and the
mt’re conditions (LY 0th hu) of it. ‘ Husbandmen, craftsmon, and
labourers of all kinds are necessary to the existence of states, but
the parts of the state are the warriors and counsellors.’
h ~i noXirciy.
Here evidently the title of the book.
IOOV rc Gcop/v~u UKVT;OV rc mi ycopyirv.
Equally with rA rahdr.Zrrcp uuv/afos TOXLTLK~~S ipyov. 4. 14.
tmp grammatically refers to 7;) pouXe;faeat, suggested by ~i)
t901’h et 6p cvov.
GUT’ Ehfp Kd T&C4 Kai ZKtkl. 4. 15.
T&a=T& nfpi T$Y +UX$U, gathered from ~h roiaiira in 5 14.
iduo=r& cis T+ dvayKaiav xpijaw auvrrivovra. If the higher and
the lower elements of a state are both necessary parts of it, then
the warriors (who may in some cases also be husbandmen) are
necessary parts : Aristotle is aaswering Plato, 5 13, who in the first
enumeration of the citizens had omitted the warriors.
SoXXoig. 4. 18.
- ‘To many’ or ‘in many cases’ opposed to dms in what
rollows; or z*) d,Xoir may be taken with 80~ci the meaning being
‘many (differing from Plato) think, etc.’; the appeal is to the
common sense which Plato is supposed to contradict-