POLITICS OF ARISTOTLE

NOTES, BOOK I. 5. 1.

facts, the analom of nature supplying the theory, the observation

of the differences which exist among mankind, the fact. CP. infra

vii. 1, 4 6, and Nic. Eth. i. 8. $ I ; ix. 8. $2 ; X. 1. 8 4, and Plat0 (Polit.

278 D), who speaks of the long and difficult language of facts.’

The verbal antithesis of Xdyos and Zpyou, which in Thucydides is

often merely rhetorical, enters deeply into the philosophy of

Aristotle. There is however no real opposition between them

any more than between the a priori and a posteriori reasoning of

modem philosophers, which are only different modes of proving or

of conceiving the same fact.

.de;, :K Yfvcr+. 6. 2.

‘ From their very birth,’ or, with a logical turn, ‘ to go no further

than the state of birth;’ cp. c. 13. $ 6, xai roiro r&96s 6$iyqral mpi

r+ J.ux+ and infra $ 4, TO 66 [+v rpSrov K.s.X.

Zirov 6; r& piw &xfi, rb 6i Jpxcrai, &n-i ri rohw Zppyov. 6. 3.

‘As ruler and subject, they may be said to have a work or

function-the one to command, the other to obey, apart from any

other work or function.’

€&’ iK UUV€X&’ C?T’ iK 8l?Jp~$VOV. 6. 3.

For the division of quantity into continuous and discrete, cp.

Categ. 6. I, p. 4 b. 20, and Nic. Eth. ii. 6. Q 4. The human frame

would be an instance of the first, musical harmony or a chorus or an

army of the second. The ndhis may be said to partake of the nature

of both in being one body and having many offices or members.

K41 roho i~ $0 rf?raiqs +iums ivwrcipxrr rois ip+6Xols* xai yicp iu 6. 4.

rois pi prrixovui

1) The connexion is as follows: ‘This principle of a superior

is found in living beings, but not confined to them. *It is derived

from the universal nature, for it pervades all things, inanimate as

well as animate’ (so Bernays). It is remarkable that Aristotle
recognises a common principle pervading alike organic and in-
organic nature.

‘ Out
of all the kingdom of nature this is found [especially] in living

kings’ (Stab, Susemihl). But according to this interpretation,

FImi ris C;pxrj, otv dppouhs.

2. Or is partitive ; see Bonitz, Index Arist. 225 b. I I ff.